[STANSFIELD- TITANIFEROUS ORES OF IRON 43 
WISSLER| 
3. It has been shown in this paper, by reference. to older work 
and by direct experiment, that titaniferous ores can be smelted without 
special difficulty provided that silica as well as limestone is used as a 
flux; but that it is only practicable to make a white or low silicon iron 
from an ore containing more than about one per cent of titanium. 
4. A provisional chart of melting points of titaniferous slags 
has beeh prepared. This chart will prove of value in making up 
charges for smelting such ores. 
5. Titaniferous ores will in general be enriched before smelting 
by magnetic concentration, but thisonly removes a partof the titanium. 
6. In view of the somewhat low percentage of iron in these ores, 
of the large amount of flux that may be required, and of the limitation 
to the production of low silicon pig iron, it is unlikely that these 
ores will be smelted on a large scale in competition with the richer im- 
ported hematites. The iron produced is, however, of a specially good 
quality, and as the ores are frequently particularly low in phosphorus 
and sulphur, they can be used to advantage either as an addition to an 
ordinary furnace charge with the object of improving the quality of 
the iron, or for the whole charge of a charcoal blast furnace, or an 
electric furnace, for the production of special qualities of charcoal iron 
commanding a high price. 
Bibliography 
A recent bibliography on this subject is given by Bradley Stough- 
ton, Trans. Can. Mining Inst. Vol. XVIII, 1915, who has reviewed 
the previous work referred to in the present paper, and arrived at 
similar conclusions with regard to’the fusibility of titaniferous slags 
and the limits within which such ores can be used. Mr. Stoughton 
did not make any experiments on the melting points of slags or the 
smelting of the ores. 
The more important references (arranged chronologically) are as 
follows: 
RILEY, E. 
Journ., Chem. Soc. Vol. XVI, 1863, p. 387. 
ForsBeEs, D. 
Chemical News, Dec. 11, 1868. 
Bowron, W. M. . 
“The practical metallurgy of titaniferous ores,’ Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining 
Engs. Vol. XI, 1882, p. 159. 
Rossi, A. J. 
Journ. Amer. Chem. Soc. Vol. XII, 1890, p. 91. 
Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engs., Vol. X XI, 1893, p. 832. 
Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engs., Vol. XX XIII, 1903, p. 179. 
