[TYRRELL] PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS 19 
pebbles and boulders at the bottom; below which is 10 feet of dark 
stratified clay through which are scattered a few pebbles and marine 
shells. 
From here the cliffs gradually rise till at the mouth of Pennycut- 
away Creek they attain heights of 90 feet, being composed at the top 
of the above mentioned layer of brown sand 10 feet thick with its, 
basement of pebbles and boulders, below which is light blue sandy 
clay and stratified brown sand down to the till. 
A few miles farther up on the west side of Hayes river are cliffs 
also 90 feet high showing the following section :— 
Feet 
Nianmesandi'andioravel a. 5.) pee dials nts aysc sous hare + 12 
Soft clay showing very little stratification, but con- 
taining many very perfect shells of Cardium...... 10 
SANS SPRL e RE Rte D 5 + 
Bron nisandyetiliwrithNpebDIes RM er coe Er DS 
Binelcla vert er ie RS ANNE ake ARR ea re 5 
PoverediiorwWaler:t, tar Te ti A anaes sae 15 
Similar cliffs, though usually much slidden and with very imper- 
fect exposures, continue up the valley on the outer sides of the bends 
of the stream. Seven miles below the mouth of Shamattawa river 
the following section was seen on the west bank 
Feet 
HoszontalMhronnm Sander eee ce ek teks lee ALES 6 
Grive ITA SEUSS... MERE CRE eS gets 10 
BONSOIR AR EIRE, FRERE SE ET te 15 
Sore unctuols blue thinly, stratinediclay 27.100 M ASE 
EMME BORO sand. tae ett ees eS ERA 20+ 
to water’s edge. 
Opposite the mouth of Shamattawa river there is a bed of marine 
sand 10 or 20 feet in thickness on top of a cliff of till 100 feet in height. 
Above this point to the mouth of Fox river the valley of Hayes river 
is wide, and the banks are either sloping or are more or less completely 
covered with slides, but such sections as I was able to examine appeared 
to be chiefly composed of stratified marine deposits. 
On Hill river marine deposits form the tops of the banks for a few 
miles above its mouth, after which they were no longer recognized. 
On Shamattawa river marine sands, clays, and gravels form 
the tops of the banks for a few miles above its mouth when they 
entirely, or almost entirely, disappear. 
On Nelson river stratified marine sands from 10 to 20 feet 
in thickness cover most of the higher cliffs on the west side of the 
