50 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 
b. Paradoxides lamellatus, Hartt. 
c. Paradoxides eteminicus, Matt. with which are associated, 
P. micmac, Hartt and P. acadicus and P. regina, Matt. 
d. Paradoxides abenacus, Matt. 
The oldest of these, P. lamellatus, is contained in a fine-grained, 
soft gray shale from which lime seems to be absent (or at least not 
plentiful), for it contains no calcareous brachiopods. A peculiarity 
of the fossils of this sub-zone is that it contains several species repre- 
sented by more spinose varieties than occur in the succeeding sub- 
zone, in the same species. This horizon is also the home of Hartt’s 
Conocephalites (Liostracus) tener which has no representative in the 
faunas of Northern Europe, and was thought to be solely American 
but has lately been found in the Black Mountain of southern France 
by Mons. J. Miquel. This peculiar species is easily recognized by 
the sigmoid ridge on the fixed cheek and the spineless movable cheek, 
for like the Scandinavian type of the genus Liostracus, it has no genal 
spine. Hartt’s species Paradoxides lamellatus, also occurs in this 
subzone, and in Sweden there is a representative species (P. elandicus). 
It will be noticed that the two species I have named while occurring 
together here, are separated, so far as the resembling species are con- 
cerned, in Europe, by nearly the breadth of that continent. 
The central group of the above list of Paradoxides (c) of which 
P. eteminicus may be taken as the typical form, since it is the species 
of most frequent occurrence, and is confined to this sub-zone, is as- 
sociated with a large and varied fauna. Characteristic species of 
this zone are two calcareous forms (Protorthis Billingst and Eocystites 
primevus), whose presence may account for the larger amount of 
carbonate of lime in this sub-zone than in that below, or the one 
above, and perhaps for the paler gray color of the shale. In this sub- 
zone there are two rather rare species of Paradoxides, the gigantic 
P. Regina and the small P. acadicus; the latter species is the only 
one, known at this horizon, which has a granulated test, all the other 
species have wrinkled surfaces. This sub-zone is the head quarters 
of the genera Conocoryphe and Ctenocephalus, of which the former 
was taken by the Swedish paleontologist Angelin as the typical form 
of one of his divisions of the Cambrian, the “zone of the Conocoryphes.”’ 
The second genus represented by Ct. Maithewi, Hartt, is perhaps 
the most common trilobite of this zone in the St. John basin. Varie- 
ties of the species of Conocoryphe and Ctenocephalus of this sub-zone 
are also met with in the sub-zone below. 
The third sub-zone of Paradoxides is characterized by the species 
P. abenacus which resembles P. tessini of the Swedish Cambrian and 
P. bohemicus of Bohemia. Most of the species of this sub-zone are 
different from those of the sub-zone below; we notice in this sub- 
