[ARCHIBALD] MATHEMATICAL INSTRUCTION IN FRANCE 125 
In addition to the professeurs titulaires there are professeurs chargé 
de cours, who are usually selected from those Ecole Normalians and 
those admissible to the agrégation, who fail to become agrégés. After 
20 years of service they may become professeurs titulaires and receive 
the salaries we have indicated above. The government has, however, 
this year passed a law which gives the higher reward to the agrégé. 
It is to the effect that 500 francs per year shall be added to the regular 
salary of every agrégé. The real range of salaries mentioned above 
is then 6,500-10,000; in the provinces this reduces to 4,700-6,700. 
For the professeurs chargé de cours, the salaries at Paris vary from 
4,500 to 6,000 frances; in the provinces, from 3,200 to 5,200. In the 
Premier Cycle the professors have 12 hours of teaching per week, in 
the second cycle and the Classe de Mathématiques Spéciales, 14-15 
hours. Except for correcting exercises and filling out reports the 
professors have absolutely no obligations outside of class hours. They 
do not live in the lycées. The superintendence of the study of the 
éléves is carried on by répétiteurs, the more advanced of whom receive 
at Paris 2,600-4,600 francs for 36 hours service per week. 
Only a very small percentage of the agrégés are also doctors,’ but 
these few, as well as the more promising of those who are doctors 
only, usually prefer to seek some of the minor positions in connection 
with the universities. Maîtres de conférences adjoints are selected from 
among the doctors. Chargés de conférences and maitres de conférences 
are sought for (1) among agrégés, (2) among doctors, but only the 
latter may receive an appointment for more than one year. A chargé 
de conférences at Paris receives 5,000-7,000 francs a year? for 2-3 hours 
per week of service. Even this amount is sufficient to enable a man 
to live well; but when, in addition, the incumbent is professeur agrégé 
in a Paris lycée (as in two cases at the Université de Paris at present), 
his income may exceed the regular salary of a university professor. 
For a good man there are also other sources of income from acting as 
suppléant, examinateur or interrogateur. 
From the chargés de cours or maîtres de conférences, who are at 
least 30 years of age, who are doctors, who have seen at least two 
years of service in a school of higher education, and who are distin- 
guished for their services—are appointed the professeurs adjoints of the 
universities. They receive from 6,000-10,000 francs at Paris and 
4,500-6,000 francs in the provinces. The salary of professeurs titu- 
laires is 12,000-15,000 francs at Paris and 6,000 or 8,000 to 12,000 
1 Compare Appendices A, C. 
? According to a decree of June 25, 1910, chargés de cours complémentaires and 
maitres de conférences in the provinces, were thence forth to be of four classes, 
and to receive 4,500-6,000 francs annually. 
