34 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 
C 81.80 C 91.15 
CO? 44 H 8.92 H 3.42 
—— = — O 5.28 O 1:09 
CHE 15 N 4.00 N 4.34 
100.00 100.00 
Swansea four foot seam in eastern part of field. 
(Analysis from Memoir Geol. Surv. Eng., and Wales. Coals of 
South Wales). 
Carbon: lan. et 86.94 
Pyoropeny. Vanne 5.64 
ARV OT 206 80 en 5.84 Ash 7.3 per cent. 
NIbEOp EN ee ES 1.58 
100.00 
In the above calculations no account has been taken of the nitrogen. 
This can be reduced by forming ammonia but does not in that case re- 
duce the hydrogen materially and would only increase the other mem- 
bers. In treating it as inert its percentage gives the amount by which 
the ash has been raised. In the above calculations the ash would all 
be four times the original. 
Comparing these with the Welsh coal it will be seen that a some- 
what similar analysis could be obtained by varying either the amount 
or the ratio between the gases lost. The increase in ash is noticeable 
when compared with that given for the alteration by the formation of 
water from the material in the coal. For the same degree of alteration 
the ash may be at least double. l 
The Welsh coals cited are from the same seam in different localities 
and the ash of the bituminous or steam coal is about three times that 
of the anthracite, part of which could be accounted for by the loss of 
hydrocarbons. 
Comparison of the two methods of formation. 
(1) (2) 
Confinement under pressure. Less pressure, porous beds for 
cover. 
Water and carbonic acid formed. Combustible gases escaping. 
Loss in mass 46 to 47% by weight. | Loss in mass 75 to 78% 
Carbon.1aised to 89 and 91%. Carbon raised to 78 and 91%. 
Ash raised to 1.8 of original. Ash raised to 4 and 44 original. 
Anthracite. Steam and anthracite coal. 
