APPENDIX A XLIX 



indefinitely delay and perhaps jeopardize that complete interna- 

 tionalism which demands a universal community of science. 



This is the ultimate goal at which we aim; a system in which the 

 International Research Council, composed of delegates from all 

 countries and of affiliated unions, would become the parliament of 

 science, the express image of the science of the world. Here at inter- 

 vals would be enacted legislation governing the formation of new 

 unions of scientists, as well as plans for the inter-relation and develop- 

 ment of unions already in existence. The unions in turn, meeting at 

 more frequent intervals, would be made up of representatives of organ- 

 izations of special sciences from every country of the civilized world. 

 They would thus serve to develop and integrate for international 

 purposes investigations carried out in différent countries, as well as 

 to stimulate research and provide for scientific discussion and 

 publication. Behind these International Unions would stand the 

 National Research Councils, National Departments, or Advisory 

 Councils of Research, whose activities are devoted to the development 

 of science and its applications in each nation. These Councils in turn 

 would have as subsidiary organizations the various scientific societies, 

 such as Physical, Astronomical and Chemical Societies, the scientific 

 departments of the universities, of the industries, of the government 

 and research institutes. 



The scientific products of hundreds of thousands of workers 

 throughout the world would become more available and their activities 

 more effective. A world-wide scientific effort would become organized. 

 Of such an organization, co-operation would be the nervous system 

 carrying afferent and efferent impulses in all directions from the centre 

 to the periphery. 



Every form of co-operation carries with it the idea of organiza- 

 tion. This organization may be either administrative and bureau- 

 cratic, that is, imposed by som.e authority; or of its own making, 

 voluntary and democratic in character. As science is a product of 

 human activity, its methods must be influenced by the spirit of the 

 times. When the countries of the Allies mobilized their scientific 

 forces for the war, the form of organization was of necessity military 

 or bureaucratic in type, and this has left a permanent impress on the 

 organization of science among the Allies. The International Research 

 Council has carefully avoided even the semblance of a supernational 

 authority. It is strictly democratic. This it is which gives a promise 

 of permanency to international co-operation in science, and it is the 

 suggestion, or perhaps the necessity, of some supernational authority 

 which is a source of weakness in the development of the League of 



