APPENDIX A LI 



science have found that co-operation in research secures concentration 

 of effort, minimizes duplication and stimulates progress. 



Permit me to pass for a moment from the general to the parti- 

 cular, and to illustrate by a single example how effective co-operation 

 has been developed by national organizations. One of the very 

 successful methods of industrial co-operation is the formation of 

 unions, guilds or associations among manufacturers engaged in the 

 same industry, such as the cotton, iron or textile industry, with a view 

 to improving that industry as a whole by technical research. Each 

 union, by conferences, reaches a clearer idea of its scientific wants 

 and is able to integrate the problems common to all for solution; 

 each association has its special research laboratories, the findings of 

 which are for the benefit of all engaged in that industry. The efforts 

 to form these research unions by the Department of Science in England 

 and the National Council for Research have been crowned with success 

 beyond the highest expectations. The sub-department of industrial 

 relations of the National Research Council of the United States is of 

 very recent formation, but has already organized a number of powerful 

 research unions. But it is in England, the home of individualism 

 and trade secrecy, that this movement has made such astonishing 

 advances. In January last, no fewer than 19 trades and specific 

 industries had formed themselves into associations for the purpose of 

 research work under the government plan, whereby a sum of nearly 

 five million dollars is made available for industrial research of this 

 type alone. These unions must be national in character and must 

 obtain the approval of the research department of the government. 

 After such approval each union receives financial support from the 

 government equal to the amount expended by the association. 



The general acceptance of this principle of industrial unions in 

 England would indicate that the policy of industrial secrecy, which 

 has so greatly hampered the application of science to the industries, 

 is now almost obsolete. Manufacturers are becoming alive to the 

 truth of the statement that "the closed door to an industrial plant 

 shuts out more than it shuts in." 



This pooling of the expenses and proceeds of scientific research 

 and organization may have a certain Teutonic flavor, but it has trans- 

 formed isolated crafts to highly developed industries, eliminated 

 needless duplication of effort, and prevented, at this critical period, 

 incalculable loss through arrested development. In Canada, the 

 Research Council has strongly advocated a similar type of co-operation, 

 especially among the more distinctly Canadian industries, such as 

 those related to the Fisheries and Forestry. While some progress has 



