[MATTHEW] A DEVONIAN GLACIER 3 



The Principal Mass of "Till" 



While there are many points where these peculiar conglomerates 

 may be observed in the valley of the Kennebecasis, there is one place 

 near the Eastern end of Long Island where they have a great thickness 

 and exhibit a mass of one hundred to one hundred and fifty feet in 

 thickness without any preceptible stratification. Here the deposit 

 has the aspect of glacial till, and may be an old morainal mass. A 

 part of it is visible in the "Minister's Face" on that island. This face 

 has a sheer height of one hundred and twenty feet at its front. The 

 material is a confused aggregate of gneissic blocks mingled with 

 fragments of granites, limestones and quartzites held together in a 

 paste of red clay and sand showing no traces of stratification. Oc- 

 casional boulders with rounded ends may be seen in the cliff-slope; 

 but almost all the fragments are angular, and only a very few are to 

 be found which show a striated surface. Except for the rarity of these 

 latter, and the absence of evidence of distant transportation, the 

 conditions resemble those of modern glacial drift. On the Southern 

 side of the complex, however, evidences of transportation are not 

 wanting, for conglomerates of this terrain are to be found at Red 

 Head on the eastern side of St. John harbor, which contain limestone 

 blocks that have been derived from the old complex and carried 

 southward three miles or more across Cambrian and Silurian rocks 

 to their present position. The beds of the complex had already been 

 folded, and marked by slaty cleavage, and they dip in a direction 

 the opposite of that to which the conglomerates have been tipped. 



Probable Aspects of the Southern Slope of 

 THE Older Palaeozoic Complex 



These are fairly traceable except as regards the Devonian part of 

 this complex, which is more fully developed to the westward. A 

 regular succession of strata may be traced in the complex, from the 

 intrusive crystalline rocks at the core through pre-Cambrian gneisses, 

 marble and less crystalline limestones, and upward through graphitic 

 slates and other elastics, to the base of the Palaeozoic. This shows 

 feldspathic ash and brecciated rocks, below the red slate and sand- 

 stone, which in slightly altered conditions form the foundation of the 

 overlying Palaeozoic succession. Passing the greenish grey slate and 

 grey quartzite, which are the first fossiliferous Cambrian rocks here, 

 one finds a succession of grey slaty flags and sandstones of the second 

 division of the St. John Group (Cambrian) and then (above) the grey 

 and black slates of the third division (which also contains the base of 

 the Ordovician, Arenig, etc.). In the city of St. John three synclinal 



