[MATTHEW] A DEVONIAN GLACIER 5 



river. Here the movement of the "till" would have been to the 

 northward. 



Both N.E. and S.W. of the mass of "till" on Long Island the red 

 rocks (supposed to be coeval with the mass of the "till") show evidence 

 of stratification, the coarser material being separated from the mud 

 beds; but the red color of the waste material is not changed. These 

 conditions are best seen at the southwest end of the Kennebecasis 

 valley, in the Narrows near the outlet of the St. John River, where 

 the base of the red sandstone formation is well exposed. But one 

 must rise considerably above the base of the beds exposed here, 

 before reaching the coarse conglomerate of the Boar's Head, which 

 here marks forcibly the extreme glacial conditions indicated by the 

 "till" of the "Minister's Face." It would thus appear that the 

 approach of glacial conditions was gradual. This gradual approach 

 and recession of frigid conditions is indicated also by the relation of 

 the higher part of the terrain to the lower; this is well shown on the 

 north side of Kennebecasis island at the junction of the river of that 

 name with the main St. John river, where may be seen the passage 

 from the red rocks of the lower member to the grey sandstones and 

 shales of the upper member of the series. The upper contains a 

 Pocono ("Culm")^ flora, while the lower holds near Eastport, Maine, 

 the Upper Devonian fîora described by the late Sir J. W. Dawson, and 

 further elaborated by Mr. David White of the U. S. Geological Survey; 

 it is instructive to see at Kennebecasis island, the red rocks invaded 

 by the grey with its plant-remains; this retires again to give place to 

 the red rocks, which again recede and the grey rocks take permanent 

 possession. This grey member is much more conspicuous in the upper 

 part of the Kennebecasis Valley where it forms an important part of 

 the terrain. The color of this member of the series may be due to the 

 growth of vegetation, discharging the red color from the sediments of 

 a glaciated area. 



Summary 



Under the hypothesis that of the conglomerates of the "Minister's 

 Face" on Long island in Kennebecasis bay, are of the same nature as 

 the "till" of the Glacial Period, viz. of morainic origin, the writer 

 marshals facts observed in the neighbourhood of the city of Saint 

 John, N.B., in support of this theory. He also attempts to show the 



1 The term "Culm" Flora is objectionable because it was applied to a flora 

 thought to be Devonian, but which the late Mr. E. N. Arber showed to be analogous 

 to that of the Lower English Coal Measures. 



