[dowling] turtle mountain COAL 37 



parallel, about Longitude 106°.30', Lance beds or beds holding Dinosaur 

 remains and approximately 50 feet thick underlie the white band of the 

 base of the Fort Union. At no other place in the district has the 

 Lance been recognized, and eastward the exposures in the Estevan 

 district appear to belong to the upper part of the Fort Union, and 

 there are doubtful exposures of whitish sands that may indicate the 

 presence of these beds in the valley of the Souris. The drillings for 

 coal in this valley indicate, however, that several seams of coal under- 

 lie those already exposed but the absence of the white clays in any 

 record of the borings in the measures beneath, leaves the exact 

 horizon in doubt, but with an inclination to consider them as allied 

 to the Lance formation. As exposures of white clays are known to 

 occur at Halbrite, which, according to the log of the Ralph well, 

 should be below the lowest coal seam, there is grave doubt that these 

 coal seams should be considered to be in the Lance and the correlation 

 of the coals of Turtle Mountain may still have to remain for palaeon- 

 tological evidence. 



The correlation of the eastern exposures depends to a great extent 

 on the general fact that the deposition of the marine beds beneath 

 was very uniform. In the vicinity of the mountains the continuity of 

 marine deposition was broken by the introduction of stream-borne 

 material from a nearby source, but as a general rule the finer materials 

 forming the muds were spread out by the sea in very even layers, 

 thinning slightly toward the east. 



In the eastern part there are two horizons that may be recognized 

 in the material obtained by the churn drill. The first recognizable 

 horizon is given in the change from non-calcareous shales of the Pierre 

 to the calcareous Niobrara, the upper part of the Colorado. 



The second is the change from the shales of the Colorado to the 

 sands of the Dakota. For small areas horizons in the Niobrara are 

 sometimes also used. 



The Dip and Strike of the Beds in the Pembina Escarpment 



This area is reported on by Mr. A. MacLean and several horizons 

 are suggested by him for the small quadrangle in the Pembina escarp- 

 ment, but for a larger area three points farther apart are also suggested. 

 The horizon that is well marked in the exposures is a limestone ledge 

 160 feet from the base of the Niobrara, exposed on the Assiniboine 

 river, and on Wilson river at Gilbert plains. This may be assumed as 

 the top of a lime shale 185 feet thick in the well at Deloraine, Manitoba. 

 The elevations at these three points give a strike for this plane of 

 N.41°W, and a dip of 9.27 feet per mile. The southern corner using 



