84 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



"An examination was made of the mountains bordering the 

 valley in the vicinity of Fort Grahame. The valley here has a width 

 of about five miles, and is terraced on both sides of the river. The 

 main terrace has a height above the stream of 175 feet. The other 

 terraces, although plainly visible from a distance, could not be dis- 

 tinguished during the ascent. Water-worn pebbles were found up to a 

 height of over 2,000 feet above the river. 



"The rocks observed consisted of lustrous mica-schists, mica- 

 gneisses, and hornblende-schists, bedded diorites, quartzites, and 

 occasional bands of whitish crystalline limestone, all belonging to 

 the Shuswap series. 



"At the base of the mountains the rocks dip to the south-west 

 at a high angle, but farther up the dip diminishes and at the summit 

 the beds are nearly horizontal. The strike is approximately N.40°W., 

 or parallel to the direction of the valley. 



"The mountain west of the valley was ascended by Mr. Russell 

 and is reported by him to consist of mica-schists, gneisses, and lime- 

 stones, similar to those east of the valley, dipping at high angles. 



"No glacial striae or grooves were noticed on either slope, but the 

 rocks in places appeared to have been smoothed and rounded by ice 

 moving in a southeasterly direction. From Fort Grahame to the 

 mouth of the Ingenica, a distance of about twenty miles, no exposures 

 were noticed along the valley. The bordering mountain ranges, 

 judging by the material brought down by numerous tributary streams, 

 are built mainly of gneiss and mica-schists. The latter outcrops in a 

 couple of places a short distance above the mouth of the Ingenica. 



"Six miles above the mouth of the Ingenica, plant-bearing con- 

 glomerates and sandstones of Laramie age appear in the valley. 

 These beds are similar in character to those in the Omineca, previously 

 described. They appear to be confined entirely to the great valleys 

 of the district and to be absent from the highlands, and if ever deposited 

 on the latter, have been entirely swept away. They rest partly on an 

 Archaean, and partly on a Palaeozoic floor, and have participated to 

 some extent in the later folding which has affected the region. 



"The pebbles of the conglomerates seldom exceed half an inch 

 in diameter and consist of rounded and sub-angular fragments derived 

 from the disintegration of the schists, slates, and quartzites of the 

 neighbourhood. Below Deserters' Canon, a ridge of hard conglom- 

 erate and sandstone, through which the stream has cut a narrow gorge, 

 crosses the valley. At the lower end of the canon the walls are vertical 

 in places, but farther up, the banks have weathered into a steep 

 slope. 



