62 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



Cartography, 



of St. Joh[iis] Harbour and a part of the Kiver," and another, very- 

 similar, but not identical (giving depths along the river and some sjlight 

 difference in names), entitled, "A sketch of St. John's Harbour and 

 Part of the Eiver, surveyed by Mr. Holland, drawn by Cha,. Morris, 

 Chf. Surveyr. 1761." I presume the Mr. Holland, who made the 

 survey for this map was Samuel Holland, afterwards Surveyor| (Jenerai 

 of Lower Canada. No doubt he was with Monckton's expedition in 

 1758 whose course and operation it refle|cts exa^ctly, as shown in the 

 fully reprinted Eeport in the Collections of the N. B. Hist. Soc. II, 163. 



393. I have been able to clear up the mystery attached to the 

 Peachy Map and its relation to the cartography of the time, and also 

 to trace out with fair completeness the dawn of the modern cartography 

 of the St. John Eivei|, hitherto somewha.t puzzling. 



The Peachyi map proves to be a copy of the map made by Captain 

 (Joseph?) Peach in 1761, the resemblance in the names of the two men 

 being purely a coincidence. This is made plain by a map in the Public 

 Pecord Office, entitled, " A sketch of the communication between the 

 Bay of Fundy and the River St. Lawrence by the River St. John, from 

 Capt. Peach's ol>servations and route in the year 1761, and of others 



since that time Copied and corrected by Geo Sproale/' This 



map with the others mentioned in this paper are morje fully described 

 in the list of maps a few pages beyond. My copy of this map (includ- 

 ing the part above St. Anns, with notes on the part below) shows that 

 fiom St. Anns upwards it is the Peachy type exactly, though below it is 

 of the Morris type, fallowing his survey of 1765. Although this map 

 lacks the curious names of Peachey below St. Anns, I have no question 

 that they are upon Peach's unknown map of 1761, and they were not 

 used by Sproule because ithe later, more exact and detailed map by 

 JMorris was available for that part of the river, though no other was 

 available for the part above St. Anns. This map was no doubt drawn 

 by Sproule in or about 1782 (or 1783), and certainly before the Morris 

 map of 1783 and the Campbell map of 178-1-85. In 1783, therefore, 

 tbis combined Pea,ch-]\lorris map was the best of the St. John accessible, 

 and for this reason it was used by Munro when he ascended tlile riveat 

 and made his well-known Report in 1783. Report and map are in 

 such close agreement that there is no doubt of this connection between 

 them. Peachey's map was made in 1787, no doubt, because there is in 

 the British Museum a plan of the Falls of Madawaska by him bearing 

 that date. I take it that Peachey was with the Deputy Postmaster of 

 Quebec when he descended the St. John in 1787 and made the Report 

 preserved in the British Museum, (Crown CXIX, 59, 2. b.f), and having 



