[ami] bibliography OF CANADIAN GEOLOGY 326 



tains. It is argued that, since normal conditions could mot form this 

 type of moraine, therefore they must have been caused by a double 

 seismic disturbance of the entire region. The time of the occurrence 

 of the probable earthquake is assigned to the thirteenth century. 



(28) Springer, Feank. — " Cleiocrinus." Harvard Coll., Mus. Comp. Zool. Mem., 

 Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 93-114, 1 pi., 1905. 



The genus Cleiocrinus has been a puzzle since it was established 

 by Billings to receive certain very peculiar Crinoids from the Trenton 

 group of Canada. Its principal peculiarity consists in the composition 

 of the lowest visible ring of ten plates. Wachsmuth and Springer have 

 twice discussed the genus in the Revision of the Palœocrinoidea and, from 

 its resemblance to lehthyocrinus, asumed the presence of five concealed 

 basais and three infrabasals. 



An investigation of the specimens in the Museum of the Survey 

 at Ottawa has, after preparation of the base of one of Billings's types, 

 disclosed a most extraordinary and anomalous structure. 



Instead of two concealed rings, there is only one, consisting of 

 five large, thick quadrangular plates, resting on the column and sloping 

 from within upward to a thin upper face. These are radially situate 

 and followed by the first and second primibrachs, not alternating with 

 them, but in direct succession. The ten plates of the lowest ring 

 observed before doi not enter into the interior of the calyx wall proper, 

 but are suspended on the outside of it, to which they are firmly grown. 

 The author holds now that the so-called interradiais of the outer ring 

 are the basais," which by some strange freak of nature have mor- 

 phologically — not accidently — become displaced from their proper posi- 

 tion in the calyx wall, being pushed in between the radiais, and both 

 having slipped down over the infrabasals. Or " or," it is added, " sup- 

 posing a reverse process to have taken place, we may consider, that 

 the disturbance came from below, the base being thrust upward into 

 the calyx." 



In regard to the systematic relations of Cleiocrinus it is staited 

 that the general habitus of the genus is that of lehthyocrinus, and that 

 its articulate structure and flexible calyx point strongly toward the 

 Flexibilia, while, on the other hand, the presence of pinnules and of 

 five infrabasals instead of three, differentiate it absolutely from the 

 known Flexibilia Impinnata to which all paleozoic forms of the group 

 hitherto known belong. It is, therefore, suggested that Cleiocrinus like 

 R^teocrinus, it is an intermediate group between the Flexibilia and 

 Camerata, closely approximating the Flexibilia. Definitions of the 

 genus and its two species close the interesting account. 



(28) Smith, W. N. — The formations present include the Lower Huronian, 

 Upi>er Huronian (Animikie), and Keweenawan. West of the district 

 the Lower Huronian unconformably overlies the Keewatin schists. Tha 

 Lower Huronian is composed largely of schistose greywacke intruded 

 by masses of greenstone, both of these, in turn, are intruded by bodies 

 of granite. This granite is older than the Animikie which, as com- 

 pared with the Lower Huronian is almost flat-lying and rests uncon- 

 formably on the latter formation. The Animikie consisits of elate 



