94 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



to tlie Governor and Officers. From the Plantation, or from the first 

 Entering of the Palissades to the Factory, you walk on a wooden Plat- 

 form. The Factor}' itself is a square Fort, having four Bastions, two 

 Stories high, \\ itli a Platform on the Top leaded, and a Parapet, where 

 they have some Cannon. The Factor}' is of Wood, built of large Logs of 

 Trees, plained on three Sides, laid one on the other, and pegg'd together 

 with large wooden Pins; to the Front they put a plain Side of the Logs, 

 and the Front is painted white. In the Center of each Curtain there 

 projects in the second Story a close Lanthern, a half Circle; in which 

 nor in any Part of the Bastions are there any Ports for Cannon, hut 

 Loops for small Arms. "WTien you go into the Factory there is a hand- 

 some Area; the Factory is much handsomer within than on the Outside." 

 Andrew Graham's description of York Factory is even more interest- 

 ing, so far as the present narrative is concerned, as it gives us the fort as 

 it appeared the year before Cooking's journey. — " On the north bank of 

 the Hayes Eiver," writes Graham, " three miles from the entrance. 

 Famous Eiver Nelson, three miles north, makes the land between an 

 island. Well-built fort of wood, log on log. Four bastions with sheds 

 between, and a breastwork with twelve small carriage guns. Good class 

 of quarters, with double row of strong palisades. On the bank's edge, 

 before the fort, is a half-moon battery, of turf and earth, with fifteen 

 cannon, nine-pounders. Two miles below the fort, same side, is a battery 

 of ten twelve-pounders, with lodge-house and powder magazine. These 

 two batteries command* the river, but the shoals and sand-banks across 

 tJie mouth defend us more. No ship comes higher than five miles below 

 the fort. Governed like Prince of Wales Fort. Complement of men: 

 forty-two. The natives come down Nelson Eiver to trade. If weather 

 calm, they paddle round the point. If not, they carry their furs across. 

 This fort sends home from 7000 to 33,000 made beaver in furs, &c., and 

 a small quantity of white whale oil.'' To complete the description, the 

 following is taken from his account of Prince of Wales Fort, a^ Andrew 

 Graham says York Factory was governed similarly : " Staff : a chief 

 factor and officers, with sixty servants and tradesmen. The council, with 

 discretionary power, consists of chief factor, second factor, surgeon, 

 sloop and brig masters, and captain of Company's ship when in port. 

 These answer and sign the general letter, sent yearly to directors. The 

 others are accountant, trader, steward, armourer, ship-wright, carpenter, 

 cooper, blacksmith, mason, tailor, and labourers. These must not trade 

 with natives, under penalties for so doing. Council mess together, also 

 servants. Called by bell to duty, work from six to six in summer; eight 

 to four in winter. Two watch in winter, three in summer. In emer- 



