XLIV THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 
his collaborators. The Adriatic is well provided with two stations, 
the one at Triest, the other at Rovigno, while the Black Sea has a 
magnificent Bulgarian station at Varna and a Russian one at Sebas- 
topol. 
In Northern Europe the importance of the fishing industries has 
determined that Biological Stations have frequently applied themselves 
with success to economic problems and some of them have been directly 
established with this end in view. The Biological Stations at Plymouth 
and Lowestoft in England, and Kiel and Heligoland, in Germany, 
have done much good work in this direction, and there is now an 
International Commission for the investigation of the North Sea, in 
which, in addition to the above-mentioned countries, Scandinavia, the 
Netherlands and Russia take part, by which co-operation many im- 
portant problems as to the fisheries have been solved. 
During last summer an Atlantic expedition lasting for four months 
and covering 11,000 miles was made by the Norwegian research steamer 
Michael Sars, under the direction of Dr. Johan Hjort. The expenses 
of the expedition were met by Sir John Murray, and the results were 
interesting as showing what could be accomplished by a small but 
well equipped steamer of 226 tons. It is to be hoped that Sir John 
Murray’s proposal to conduct a biological exploration of the Great 
Lakes, to be shared in by the Canadian and U.S. governments, may 
soon be carried out. 
On this continent the U. 8. Government has displayed the greatest 
interest in the scientific investigation of Fisheries problems, as wit- 
nessed by the fine series of publications of the U. 8. Fish Commission, 
and the American Universities have done much to advance the know- 
ledge of Marine Biologyby contributing to the support of the Stations 
at Woods Hole and elsewhere. 
Our own Department of Marine and Fisheries has been very generous 
in establishing three Biological Stations now situated at St. Andrews, 
N.B., Nanaimo, B.C., and on the Georgian Bay. The number of 
professional biologists in Canada is, unfortunately, comparatively 
small. Students who have been trained in Biological methods prefer 
to look for a profession in which a living can be had at once, and there- 
fore the number of workers available for our stations is small. I am 
of opinion that the Department of Fisheries must soon follow the 
example of European governments and appoint a permanent scientific 
staff on these stations, specially educated for attacking the numerous 
Fishery problems which present themselves and which are of such 
enormous importance to the economic welfare of this country. This 
duty should not be left to be discharged by observers whose interests 
are primarily scientific and not economic. I would refer to the re- 
searches that have already been made with regard to the oysters in 
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