[BOWMAN] DISCREPANCY IN TRUSTWORTHY RECORDS 155 
at a profit of $1,000; and his second statement, that he lost by the sale 
of the farm $2,500, seems to relate to this sale, but in reality it refers 
only to the failure of the bank in which B deposited the proceeds. In 
Case 18 B first states that he has a tag; and his second statement, that 
he has never been tagged, seems to signify that he never possessed a 
tag, but the real meaning of the second statement is that he was never 
solicited to purchase a tag on the streets. In Case 19 B states that C 
is his wife and again that he was never married. The second statement 
seems to exclude the possibility of C being his wife, but in reality it 
refers only to the absence in their marriage of a religious ceremony. 
And in Case 20 B states that there was at a church a congregation of 
several hundred and again that there were in the church only two men 
on the left side of the church and one woman on the right. The second 
statement seems to relate to the same subject as the first, but in reality 
it refers not to the size of the congregation, but to a peculiar arrange- 
ment in the seating of the sexes. 
In the discrepancies of this category the apparent identity may 
spring from a purely verbal origin such as the double meaning of the 
words tag and marry in Cases 18 and 19; or from an incidental and unreal 
connection such as that set up between the sale of the farm and the 
failure of the bank in Case 17; or the apparent identity may be inherent 
in a situation such as that concerning the cost of the villa, the office of 
the Inspector or the size of the congregation in Cases 15, 16 and 20. 
The appearance of identity is erroneous and deceptive. The error and 
deception, however, does not extend to the original makers and hearers 
or receivers of the statements, whether verbal or written. The state- 
ments liable to such misinterpretation may be found in diaries and 
letters; but the original possessors of the diaries and receivers of the 
letters, having full knowledge of the attendant circumstances, were 
neither in error nor deceived; and hence the original record and state- 
ments themselves, notwithstanding the lability to subsequent misin- 
terpretation, are not erroneous nor deceptive, but truthful. 
CATEGORY V—Difference or Degree of Interest. 
Where reports differ because, on the part of those making or receiving 
the reports, there are varying degrees, or a total difference, of interest in the 
matter reported. 
Case 21—C and D had a complete difference of interest in desiring 
B to see the physician M. According to the interest of the one B had 
seen the physician, and according to the interest of the other he had not 
and B reported accordingly. 
