[GANONG] INDIAN PLACE-NOMENCLATURE 191 
mentioned, states that it is “said to mean BLANKETING-PLACE, the fertile 
flat at its mouth being the spot which the Indians used to reach in the course of their 
first days poling from their settlement at Big Point,” though Herdman also gives 
LESSER RIVER as an alternative. These explanations have all an artificial ap- 
pearance and moreover are not at all in harmony with the usual mode of construc- 
tion of Indian place-names. But aside from that, an examination of the roots by 
no means sustains such a derivation. Thus, while APCH does mean AGAIN, I can- 
not find in any of Rand’s extensive dictionaries any word for blanket or cover that 
is nearer than ANKOONOSOODE, A BLANKET, except ALGOW, A GARMENT, 
which, however, involves the L that does not belong to the aboriginal form. The 
explanation has probably arisen in somebody’s effort to find roots to match the 
printed form of the name. 
SumMary.—The name UPSALQUITCH is certainly of Micmac Indian origin; 
a corruption of AP-SET-KW ECHK’, and means SMALLER STREAM, in distinction 
from the main river, the Restigouche, of which it is a branch. 
Manan. 
LocaTION AND APPLICATION.—Two places bear this name. GRAND MANAN 
is a large island forming the southwestern extension of New Brunswick, and con- 
stituting a parish of the same name. PETIT MANAN isa small island off the coast 
of Maine a few miles east of Mount Desert. 
Both are pronounced always exactly as spelled,—MAN-AN’. The PETIT 
however is pronounced as if an English word, with the stress strongly on the last 
syllable. 
History or THE Worp.—The name for the large island makes its first known 
appearance upon a map of 1607-8 by Champlain, where it is spelled MENANE 
(MS. in possession of the late H. Harrisse) and this is the form used by Lescarbot in 
his Histoire de la Nouvelle France, of 1609. Champlain also uses the same form in 
his Voyages of 1613, though his first spelling is MANTHANE; the latter however, 
is evidently an error, for he uses MENANE later, and corrects the first spelling in 
the new edition of his works of 1632. It was caused very likely by some echo of 
the name MENTHANE, a place in the Gulf of St. Lawrence which he mentions in 
connection with his voyage in the year 1610 (Voyages, Laverdiére edition, 354). 
Father Biard in 1616 has first MENAUO, no doubt a misprint for MENANO, which 
he uses later. This in turn may possibly be a misprint for MENANE, though it may 
be an attempt to represent the Indian pronunciation given below (Jesuit Relations, 
Thwaites’ edition, III, 262 IV, 24). The earliest appearance of the prefix GRAND 
that I have been able to find is upon the authoritative map of 1686 by Franquelin— 
de Meulles (These Transactions, III, 1897, ii, 364, though I find from a photograph 
of the original that the accents there given are an error of the copyist), where it 
appears as LE GRAND MENANE and the same form occurs in a seignorial 
grant of 1693 (These Transactions, V, 1899, ii, 308). The earliest use of the word 
in English records that I have discovered is on a map of 1713 by Blackmore where 
it is written GREAT MANAN, the first known use of the present spelling (These 
Transactions, III, 1897, ii, 366). Later maps, by Southack and others have GREAT 
MANNANA ISLAND, (Op. cit., 367). The GRAND first appears in English records 
on Popple’s map of 1733 in the form GRAND MONAN (Op. cit., 370). Mitchell’s 
map of 1755 has GRAND MENAN (Op. cit., 378). It appears in various forms 
down to 1772, when it is given as GRAND MANAN upon Wright’s great survey 
