192 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 
map of this region, which became the original for all this coast in Des Barres’ 
remarkable series of charts issued as The Atlantic Neptune. The great authority 
of these charts fixed the form GRAND MANAN as the standard which has persisted 
to our own day, though the form MENAN still occurs as an occasional variant. 
PETIT MANAN I have not been able to trace so fully. I find it first on the 
Franquelin-de Meulles map of 1686 as LE PETIT MENANE, and this form was 
evidently early adopted by the English in the present form of PETIT MANAN. 
An early MS. plan I possess, undated but belonging before 1700, has MANANOUZE. 
The spelling Manan has not only become fixed by the best usage, but has been 
officially approved and adopted by the Geographic Boards of both the United States 
and Canada. 
ANALYSIS OF THE Worp.—The Indians now living at Passamaquoddy and on 
the Saint John all recognize the word MANAN as belonging to their language. 
Different Indians have pronounced it for me as MUN-A-NOOK’. Rand gives the 
word as MUNANOOK (First Reading Book in the Micmac Language, 88), and A. S. 
Gatschet, a high authority, gives MEN ANUK (National Geographic Magazine VIII, 
1897, 22). As to its meaning, they also agree; they say it means THE ISLAND. 
Its roots therefore, are perfectly clear. It is the word MUN-AN, or MUN-A-AN 
(the middle A but slightly sounded) which is the Passamaquoddy word for ISLAND 
(as I know for myself; compare also Kellogg’s vocabulary in Massachusetts Historical 
Collections, III, 1833, 181.) The OOK is, of course, simply the locative suffix mean_ 
ing PLACE. The word was therefore originally MUN-AN-OOK’, meaning ISLAND- 
PLACE, or THE ISLAND, used by the Indians in precisely the way that the white 
residents of Passamaquoddy refer habitually today to Grand Manan simply as The 
Island. The French, in adopting the word, dropped the locative ending, as they 
did commonly with our Indian place-names, and we have taken the word from 
the French. 
The word MUN-AN (or MENAHAN), means also ISLAND in Penobscot, which 
explains its application to PETIT MANAN (Willis, Collections of the Maine His- 
torical Society IV, 1856, 101; also Ballard, Report of the United States Coast Survey 
for 1868, 53). It is interesting to note that the form MENANOUZE, mentioned 
above as found on an old plan, seems to be a form of the diminutive (the syllable 
OUZE resembling some of the several forms of SIS meaning little), in which case it 
is the Indian equivalent for Petit (Little) Manan. 
The root MANAN occurs also, I believe, in MONHEGAN on the coast of Maine 
and the neighboring MANANAS, which I take to be a corruption of MANAN-SIS, 
LITTLE ISLAND, SIS being a suffix signifying LITTLE; in MANAWAGONISH 
near St. John; probably in AMMENHENNIC, a group of islands near the head of the 
Long Reach on the Saint John; in MENASCOOK, the Indian name for Gannet Rock 
(near Grand Manan) and for Grassy Island on the Saint John; and in several localities 
in Maine (Hubbard, Woods and Lakes of Maine, 200, 201; Moses Greenleaf, Maine’s 
First Map-maker, 123). 
The word MANAN is Passamaquoddy Maliseet and Penobscot, but not Micmac, 
for the Miemae word for island is MUNEGOO (Rand, English-Micmac Dictionary, 
148). The Micmacs indeed use MUNEGOO (or MINEGOO), for Prince Edward 
Island in precisely the same way that the Passamaquoddies use MUNANOOK for 
Grand Manan (Rand, Micmac-English Dictionary, 185). When, therefore, Rand 
gives MUNANOOK as the Indian name for Grand Manan, (Reader, 88), he means 
the Passamaquoddy name, or else the Micmaces call it by the Passamaquoddy name, 
as is wholly probable. It is perhaps the inclusion of the name among words mostly 
