[LAMB] PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS 11 
the lakes are the large Trachodonts, whilst the heavy Ceratopsia, their 
enemy the flesh-eating Deinodon, and the diminutive, fruit-eating, 
marsupial mammals, the early members of a class destined soon to re- 
place the reptiles, inhabit the land. The vegetation consists of ferns, 
cedars, poplars, oaks, and shrubs and trees of many kinds, constituting 
a flora more nearly related to that of the Dakota than to the laterLaramie 
Cretaceous. 
In the next succeeding formation, the Pierre-Foxhill, and in its 
probable equivalent in time, the Nanaimo formation of Vancouver 
island, are found a few scattered Selachian remains, with vertebræ of 
a Teleost also from the Nanaimo, the whole constituting a very meagre 
fauna. 
Of more interest are the uppermost beds of the Cretaceous of the 
plains, the Edmonton formation, in which are found the well preserved 
bones of the large carnivorous dinosaur Albertosaurus, more specialized 
than its precursor of the Judith River. Remains of Trachodon occur 
in these rocks and it is probable that Ceratopsian remains will also be 
found, both no doubt of types more advanced than those of the Judith 
River and possibly of the same species as those known from the Laramie 
Cretaceous of Wyoming and elsewhere in the United States. 
With the close of the Cretaceous came the extinction of the great 
dinosaurian race, caused mainly, it is thought, by changes in environ- 
ment to which the highly specialized reptiles proved incapable of adapt- 
ing themselves. 
Leaving the Mesozoic we are confronted with another gap in the 
continuity of vertebrate life in this country as we have not as yet dis- 
covered any trace of the numerous early Tertiary forms which lived 
during the Eocene period and were the result of the rapid evolution 
and expansion of the mammals at that time. Our extensive Eocene 
deposits, those of the Paskapoo formation in Alberta and of its probable 
southern extensions, the Porcupine Hills and Willow Creek series of 
Dawson and the uppermost beds of the St. Mary River series, together 
with certain deposits of this age in the Klondike have not yet been 
examined sufficiently in detail. A thorough search for fossil verte- 
brates at these horizons may bring to light some of the many forms 
known from the Eocene of the United States, as well as probably others 
new to science. 
The next fauna of any considerable size, marking a decided evolu- 
tionary advance is that of the fluvio-lacustrine Oligocene beds of the 
Cypress hills, Saskatchewan. This fauna is principally mammalian 
but includes fishes and reptiles. The fishes are bowfins (Amia), garpikes 
(Lepidosteus) and siluroids (Rhineastes, Amiurus) and bear witness to 
the fluviatile nature of the deposits. The reptiles include both aquatic 
