128 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 
This northern range of Upper Devonian vegetation with its 
Archæopteris flora has been assumed to show the full range of variety 
in the land vegetation of this early epoch. In the experience of the 
writer however the Devonian possessed a much wider range of types 
than has hitherto been admitted. The object of this paper is to show 
this greater variety, and to indicate the regions where the plants 
flourished. 
As prelimenary to this the writer proposes to review briefly the 
various districts where the typical Upper Devonian flora is at present 
known, and then to take up the discussion of the other stations in the 
same terrane, where plants not hitherto considered as Devonian are to 
be found. The first may be distinguished as the Northern range of 
terranes, the latter are best known in the outcrops found in the Mari- 
time provinces of Canada. 
The Devonian of the Hill Region of Northern Pennsylvania and 
New York. 
The hill region of Northern Pennsylvania and New York and the 
Maritime provinces of Canada are at the opposite ends of what appears 
to have been an extensive area of dry land in Mid-Devonian time, for 
this tract has yielded no Mid-Devonian marine organisms. In the 
hill region above named on the one hand and at Gaspé in Quebec on 
the other, this dryland tract reached marine conditions. 
A comprehensive view of the range of the known Devonian land 
floras of the Middle States of the American Union may be gathered 
from C. S. Prosser’s “Devonian System of Eastern Pennsylvania and 
New York.”’* | 
From this publication and other sources we may gather that after 
Silurian Time, the marine barrier which had separated Southern Acadia 
from the New England region was removed, and an extensive land area 
took its place. This was reduced in extent only when the Lower 
Carboniferous limestone began to encroach upon it from the West 
in the Pennsylvanian region, and from the East in the Acadian. The 
following table compiled chiefly from Prosser’s notes will show the 
nature of the land-flora that flourished in the Middle States in Middle 
and Upper Devonian time. 
*Bulletin No. 120 U.S. Geol. Survey, Washington 1894. 
