140 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 
by discoveries of the present author of Silurian corals as boulders in 
the conglomerates of the earlier Devonian strata of Bliss island, east of 
the Perry basin; this showed a breaking up of the Silurian strata before 
the building up of this older Devonian series. The paste of this Bliss island 
conglomerate is strongly cleaved, so that the crushing of the early 
Paleozoic rocks had not ceased in this region until after this conglome- 
rate-slate series of Bliss Island was formed. It may be inferred then 
that the last throes of the ‘‘Devonian upturning” continued until 
Middle Devonian Time. It may be assumed that they did cease then, 
as the Upper Devonian shows anew structural condition; in the earlier 
terranes the strata lie in sharp folds with prevailing dips to the 
S.E.;* but in these later beds, in St. John and King’s counties in New 
Brunswick, the Upper Devonian terrane is divided into long blocks or 
horsts by heavy faults, and the strata have prevailing low dips to the 
northwest. Hence we see that the structures of the older and the later 
Paleozoic terranes are quite different, and the two groups of terranes 
had distinct histories. 
No attempt has heretofore been made to discrimmate in New 
Brunswick between the parts of the Devono-Carboniferous terrane and to 
determine what part should be assigned to the Carboniferous, and 
what to the Devonian. In the reports on this district made by the 
officers of the Canadian Geological Survey in 1870 these surveyors were 
content to speak of the strata as being Lower Carboniferous with a 
Devonian flora, and it was so shown on the Geological map of the pro- 
vince. 
This was not the case however in Nova Scotia where the late Mr. 
Hugh Fletcher recognized and distinguished the (Upper) Devonian as a 
formation or terrane below the Lower Carboniferous limestones; these 
last he considered the base of the Carboniferous system in that province. 
It is true that Sir Wm. Dawson had found his Lower Carboniferous 
coal formation to lie below these limestones, but while giving full value 
to the modern aspect of the flora contained in these beds, he appears to 
have overlooked the teaching that might have been gathered from the 
organisms of the Carboniferous limestones of the Avon river, which 
contains a complete Lower Carboniferous fauna, ranging from the base 
of the system upward. 
At page 281 of the Acadian Geology 2nd ed. Sir William gives a 
table, based largely on the studies of the late Prof. C. F. Hartt, of the 
Carboniferous limestones of the Avon river dividing them into several 
groups, of which groups a, b, and c are to be regarded as a lower, and 
groups d and e as an upper series. The lower series has a fauna com- 
*There is an exception to this dip in the Silurian strata of the Perry Basin. 
