146 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 
valley and may perhaps indicate a dry and cool climate in this valley. 
in this geological period. The scales and plates of ganoid fishes, which 
are not uncommon in these beds in alternation with plant remains, 
would favour the view that ponds or a river existed in the valley, ex- 
tending toward the Petitcodiac valley. 
Taking these two valleys in connection there would have been a 
length of about one hundred miles of this Upper Devonian basin, which 
while only a few miles wide at the western end, broadened out to a much 
greater width at the eastern end 
From end to end this valley was sheltered on the southern side by 
a high ridge of land, whose rocks were the source from which the blocks 
and boulders were derived, that are so plentiful in the Devonian con- 
glomerates of the valley. 
The Petitcodiac end of the valley has received special attention, 
owing to the valuable deposits of albertite and bituminous shale that 
are found there. The following division of the shales and their as- 
sociated strata has been made by Drs. L. W. Bailey and R. W. Ells. 
in connection with their study of these shales*:— 
1. Basal conglomerate, sometimes wanting, when present 
usually of a dull greenish color, less coarse than the con- 
glomerates that succeed, and made up mostly of slaty 
fragments. Thickness about—feet 200 
2. Caleareo—bituminous shale, gray to dark brown (in- 
cludes the so-called “Albert Shale,”) Thickness: $50 
3. Gray bitumenoug and micaceous oil-bearing sandstones 
and coarse conglomerates, in massive beds of very 
various composition, usually of reddish tint. Less 
rubbly and more calcareous than those of division 1. 
Thickness. 700 
4. Red and gray calcareous, sandy and argillaceous beds, 
in frequent alternations with thin beds of conglomerate 
and toward the top heavy beds of fine rubbly, brownish 
redshale. Thickness. 450 
2,200 
The No.5 of Messrs. Bailey and Ells section, consisting of conglom- 
erate, limestone and gypsum is the base of the Carboniferous system. 
The flora found with the Upper Devonian beds in this district is 
quite limited but agrees in character with that of the same group in 
* Rep. Prog. Geol. Surv. Can. 1876-7 (1878) p. 355. 
