[MATTHEW] CLIMATIC ZONES IN DEVONIAN TIME 147 
the western part of the valley; Lepidodendra with small areoles and 
the filicoid genus Aneimites are the most characteristic. 
The fish remains of the Albert shales have been recently studied 
by Mr. L. M. Lambe of the Canadian Geological Survey, who has pro- 
nounced them to be Lower Carboniferous types. We get no more 
light on the exact age of the series of rocks from these fishes than we do 
from the plants, because they are probably lacustrine. Secretary 
- Waleott of the Smithsonian Institution, when on the Geological 
Survey in the western part of the United States, found the plates of 
placoganoid fishes of Devonian type with Silurian corals in the western 
cordilleras, and that fishes heretofore known as Carboniferous should be 
found in Upper Devonian strata, would not be more surprising. In fact 
the animals of the land and the fresh-waters (and even of the estuaries) 
are likely to correspond in facies with the land plants, and yet the whole 
assemblage may be older than has heretofore been admitted. 
We. have referred to the southern ridge that bounded the Kene- 
becasis at its western end. This ridge extended all along the southern 
side of the basin, but was not in every part constituted of the same or 
similar rocks, except that all had been metamorphosed to a greater 
or less degree before Upper Devonian Time. The western end consisted 
of pre-Cambrian gneisses and limestones, the middle of basal Cambrian 
felsites and diorites, the eastern end of chloritic and sericic schists with 
a core of intrusive granite. Hence Messrs. Bailey and Ells described 
the basal conglomerates of Albert shale series as composed of fragments 
of these schists. 
Apparently the western basins of Upper Devonian rocks did not 
have the upper members of the series, but only the lower, for they con- 
tain no considerable body of grey sandstones or shales. Where this 
member does come in, as in the Kenebecasis valley, it is at the top of 
the series, while in the Petitcodiac valley there is an additional over- 
lying group of conglomerates, and red shales, or ?’marls.”? 
There appears to have been greater disturbance of the members or 
this series at the eastern end of the Kenebecasis—Petitcodiac basin 
than at the western, as the lower members are described as highly in- 
clined, and the Lower Carboniferous limestones are stated to be 
markedly unconformable to the Albert shales. Going farther west 
these fossiliferous limestones part company with the Upper Devonian 
extending westward through the northern part of King’s county to 
the St. John river in Queens county, where they are found north 
of the Devonian of the Kenebecasis and Bellisle valleys in that 
direction. Here the limestone still carries characteristic fossils, 
Spirifer glaber and Terebratula sacculus. An outlier of the limestone 
