28 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



The origin of this Arms is not known. It is thus beautifully epitomized 

 by Scott in Marmion — 



" The ruddy lion ramps in gold 

 On Scotland's royal battle shield." 



This marshalling was followed by Charles I. But when Cromwell 

 established the Commonwealth (1653), being imbued with a more 

 republican spirit, he discarded the Lions both of England and Scotland 

 and the Lilies of France, and in their stead placed the Cross of St. 

 George for England, and that of St. Andrew for Scotland, retaining the 

 harp of Ireland, and placing his own Arms, a lion rampant (very in- 

 consistently, it would seem) over all in an escutcheon of " Pretence." 

 (Fig. 8.) 



Royal Arms, Temp., Commonwealth, 1653. — Fig. 8. 



With the restoration of Charles IL the Arms were again brought 

 back to their former style as in the reign of Charles I. 



On the abdication of James IL (1688) the CrowTi of England was 

 offered to William IIL, Stadtholder of the United Netherlands and Count 

 of Nassau. He was the son of the eldest daughter of Charles I. Besides 

 these titles William held another, that of Prince of Orange. This title 

 was derived from a beautiful Province of that name in the South of 

 France in the Department of Vaucluse. It came into possession of the 

 lïouse of Nassau through Eené, nephew of Prince Philibert of Orange 

 in 1530. The sister of Philibert had married the Count of Nassau. 

 Eené dying childless, his cousin William I., Stadtholder of the Nether- 

 lands, became I'rince of Orange, since which time the family has assumed 

 the title of Orange-Nassau. In England this short Dynasty is known as 

 the Orange-Stuarts. By a strange irony of fate this title of Orange, his 

 only Catholic title (as it may be called) is the one by which he has 

 become notorious, and left his indelible mark on the pages of English 

 iHistory. That title, accruing from the smiling Province of Southern 

 France: a country which brings to our minds memories of peace and 

 harmony only; of the chivalrous days of the troubadours and minstrels 



