[hoavley] the old royal COAT OF ARMS AT PLACENTIA 



31 



was novel and striking. I'he shield was divided " per pale," the whole 

 of the dexter side being charged with the Linn of Scotland, while on the 

 sinister side were the usual quarterings of the Arms of England and 

 France. (Fig. 12.) 



Arms un Fountain, Koly Rood Palace. — Fig. 12. 



The fountain was erected by the late Prince Consort during his 

 sojourn in Edinburgh, and is a reproduction of a more ancient one at 

 Linlithgow Palace, erected by King James V. 



The French Arms. 



Although the Fleur de Lys was from time immemorial used in 

 ornamentation of crowns and scepters, it seems to have been first formally 

 adopted as the Arms of Hoyalty in France by Louis VII, called Lejeune, 

 in 1147. He adopted this cognizance when about to proceed to the 

 Crusade. His shield was " Semé " or " sown " with these lilies, that 

 is to say, there were several of them scattered over the field as seeds are 

 sown broadcast. They were of gold on an azure or blue ground. In an 

 ordinance concerning the coronation of his son Philip Augustus, it is 

 declared that the mantle, the chaussures, and the oriflamme are to be 

 sown with fleurs de lis, as described by the poet Eigord : 



" Vexillum floribus liliorum distinctum." 



The number of Lilies was reduced to three by Charles V. (1376) 

 in honour of the Most Holy Trinity — " Pour symboliser la Sainte 

 Trinité," and continued so till the destruction of the monarchy. This 

 modification of the number of the lilies was not accepted in England 

 until the reign of Henry IV., 1399. The three are placed in the 

 form of a triangle, the base being upwards, the apex below, thus • . • They 

 are said to be placed " two and one." This is always understood in 

 Heraldry to be the disposition of the " charges " on an escutcheon when 

 they are simply mentioned as three without any qualification. If placed 

 otherwise it is always mentioned, as " per fess," " per pale," " per bend," 

 çio. Tf the three charges are placed with the apex upwards, thus .". it 



