202 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



DICTIONARY OF IDENTITIES OF ANIMALS AND PLANTS 



Adhothuys. — See Chevaulx de Mer. 



Aigle. — French name for Eagle, generically, extended to the American 

 species. Champlain, in 1632 speaks of Eagles of two sorts, which would 

 include the Bald Eagle and the Golden Eagle, while the Aigle of Les- 

 carbot and of Denys must be, of course, the Bald Eagle. Denys also 

 mentions a smaller kind, grayish in color, which is probably the White 

 or Gray Gyrfalcon. 



Aigrette. — French name for a Crested Heron transferred, apparently, to the 

 American Black-crowned Night Heron. Used first by Lescarbot, and 

 then by Denys as Laigraite, and Denys' description seems to settle its 

 identity. 



AJrondelle. — See Hirondelle. 



Alder. — Mentioned in 1578 by Parkhurst as occurring in Newfoundland; of 

 course the common or Hoary Alder. 



Alose, or Aloze. — French name for the European Shad, transferred naturally 

 to our American species. Used first in Hakluyt's account of Roberval's 

 voyage, of 1542, as Aloses, and thereafter by many others. 



Alouette de Mer, or Alouette. — Alouette is the French name for the European 

 Lark, but Alouette de Mer, meaning Sea-lark, is a French local name 

 for the Plover of Europe, and in this form it has been extended to 

 the Plover of America. It is possible the Alouettes of Cartier, seen on 

 the Saint Lawrence in 1535, were really American Larks, though their 

 association in his list with Cannes, or Ducks, would point to Plover. 

 Champlain, in 1604, has Alouettes de Mer " of two or three species " 

 applied to sea-birds, and hence unquestionably Plover, while Denys 

 uses simply Alouettes for the Plover. Finally, and conclusively for 

 this identification, the Acadians thus use the name to this day «./((/e 

 A. C. Smith), though Professor Dionne says the Canadian French apply 

 the name especially to the smaller sandpipers. 



Amedda, or Aneda, or Hanneda. — Indian name for a tree, of which the bark, 

 given to Cartier by the Indians in 1536, cured his men of scurvy. It 

 has never been identified, and has been supposed, variously, to be the 

 White Pine, the White Spruce and the Sassafras. Compare the dis- 

 cussions in the various commentaries upon Cartier and Champlain. 

 There is, however, one point which indicates rather the White Pine, 

 namely, in the account of Cartier's Third Voyage, the hanneda is saia 

 to have been " above three fathoms about." Neither of the others 

 mentioned has .such a size. 



Angélique. — French name for the Angelica, mentioned by Lescarbot as oc- 

 curring in Acadia. It is quite possible that this was our Angelica 

 atropurpurea, though it is more likely that it was some other related 

 but more abundant and conspicuous umbelliferous plant, in al! prob- 

 ability the common and closely-similar Cof loplninitn (lefiieifdJiiiiii (Sug- 

 gestion of M. L. Fernald>. 



