[ganong] IDEXriTY OF ANIMALS AND PLANTS 203 



Anguille. — French name for the European Eel, extended to our American 

 species. Used by Cartier, in 1535. in this form and by all writers 

 thereafter. 



Anguille de Mer. — French name, meaning Sea-eel, used by Denys; the name 

 must apply to the Conger Eel, which is actually called Sea-Eel in New 

 England. 



Apegé.^Given by Lescarbot as the Micmac name of the Cod. This is ob- 

 viously the same word as Pejook of Rand's Dictionary. 



Appoil. — Name of a sea--bird of Acadia mentioned by Champlain in 1604 

 and again in his list of 1632 as Apoi, but not mentioned by any other 

 writer. L'Abbé Laverdière cites Vieillot as giving Apoa for a species 

 of duck, while LaRousse states that Apoa is a Brazilian duck. In the 

 absence of other determinative data, the only way of ascertaining its 

 probable identity is by noting which prominent sea-bird is mentioned 

 by the other early voyagers without being otherwise included in Cham- 

 plain's list. Thus considered, the most probable bird by far is the 

 American Eider, (which Denys mentions under its Micmac name, 

 Moyaque) and this identification has the advantage of harmonizing 

 with the above-mentioned meaning " duck " for Aijoa, since the Eider is 

 a large duck. It is quite probable that Champlain learned the word 

 Apoa during his earlier "West Indian Journey. The word can hardly 

 have any connection with the Apijonatlh (Great Auk) of Cartier, because 

 that bird is called Tangneu by Champlain. 



Apponatz, or Apponath. — Name early used by the French for the Great Auk. 

 First used by Cartier in 1534, whose detailed and accurate description 

 places its identity beyond question. In the Relation originale he says 

 " we named them Apponatz," but Petit Val's Discourse says they were 

 " called by those of the country Apponath." This would imply that 

 the word is Indian, but nothing resembling it occurs in the Boethuk 

 or other Indian vocabularies, and moreover it is more likely that the 

 Relation originale is correct, and that it was the French who gave the 

 name. It occurs in English in the account of the voyage to the Mag- 

 dalens in 1591 as Apoiias. applied to Bird Islands, where this bird is 

 shown by Cartier to have occurred. It was also called Pennegouin, 

 Penguin and Tangueu. 



Arable. — See Erable. 



Asne sauvage. — See Caribou. 



Astemara. — A plant pictured on Champlain's map of 1612, but unidentifiable. 



Aubépine or Aubespine.— French name for the European Hawthorn, ex- 

 tended to the species of Eastern Canada. Used first by Cartier in 

 1535 as auhespiites, said to. have a fruit aussi <jros que prunes de aamas, 

 that is, as big as damson plums. The species was no doubt the 

 Crataegus, called in some books Crataegus tomentosa, (with C. coc- 

 cinea). Mentioned also by Lescarbot, and the same as the IJpnic of 

 Denys, the Whitetlioru of Hakluyt's account of Cartier's Third Voy- 

 age in 1540, and the thorns of Parkhurst in 1578. The name is still used 

 for the Hawthorn, especially for the English Hawthorn, by the Cana- 

 dian-French, according to l'Abbé Provarchor. 



