L'gaxong] identity OF ANIMALS AND PLANTS 209 



in Quebec, according to Montpetit, to the very abundant Aloxostome 

 (lore, a kind of sucker, and this identification is confirmed by a note 

 sent me by M. Placide Gaudet of Quebec. 



Castor. — See Bievre. 



Cedre. — French name of the European Cedar, which does not occur in Amer- 

 ica, transferred to the someAvhat similar Arbor Vitœ or White Cedar. 

 Used by Cartier, in 1534, as cedres, and by others later. Lescarbot has 

 some remarks upon its distribution in Acadia. Champlain, in 1603, 

 called it Cijprcz, later Ccdre blanc. It is, of course, the trees of life of 

 Hakluyt's translation of Roberval's voyage of 1542. 



Cercelle. — See Sarcelle. 



Cerf. — French name for the Stag, or Red Deer, of Europe, though also used 

 somewhat loosely for Deer in general. Thus Champlain said in 1613 

 (Laverdière, 471) that there were several species of Cerf in Canada 

 unlike those of France. Nevertheless, as Mr. Thompson toeton seems 

 to have made plain in his article on the "Wapiti, the early voyagers 

 appear to have applied the name Cerf to the Wapiti, which comes the 

 nearest of American Deer to the Stag of Europe, and he appears to 

 state that the name is thus used by the Canadian French to this day. 

 Cartier, in 1535, found Daims and Verfz on the Saint Lawrence; the 

 former were surely Virginia Deer, and the Wapiti then existed in this 

 region. There is not, I think, any evidence, or any need for assuming, 

 that Cerf was ever applied to the Caribou, which is so strikingly dis- 

 tinct from any European Cerf as to make the name wholly inapprop- 

 riate while both Wapiti' and Virginia Deer are so much more like the 

 European Stag. Champlain himself, in 1613, seems to have meant the 

 Wapiti as the Cerf par excellence. There are, however, two undoubted 

 cases in which the Cerf was the Virginia Deer; Lescarbot speaks of the 

 Cerf au pié-vite, the swift-footed deer, in Acadia, in addition to the 

 Orignac and the Caribou. The Virginia Deer has always occurred in 

 this region, but not the Wapiti. Denys curiously enough does not 

 mention any Cerf, nor the Virginia Deer in any way. But Le Clercq 

 speaks of hunting Cerfs in Gaspé, and he can only mean the Virginia 

 Deer, since the Wapiti certainly did not occur in that region, and he 

 speaks of moose and caribou separately. 



Cerise, or Serise.— French name for Cherry, extended to the Wild Cherry of 

 Canada, used by Champlain, by Lescarbot, and by Denys, who men- 

 tions Serizicrs sauvages. 



Chabot, or Chabos. — French name for the European Sculpin, transferred to 

 our American species, and pictured as Gros Chabos by Champlain in 

 his map of 1612. I believe it is the same which is pictured without 

 name on his map of Saint Croix Island. 



Chanvre. — French name for Hemp, extended by Cartier in 1535 to the very 

 dissimilar Indian hemp of Canada. According to l'Abbé Provancher the 

 name Chanvre sauvage is applied by the French Canadians to the Hemp 

 Nettle (Galeopsis), a European plant which could not have occurred 

 in Canada in Cartier's daj', but he also calls the Indian Hemp Apor-"' 

 Chanvrln. 



