[ganong] identity OF ANIMALS AND PLANTS 211 



present day. By the early English voyagers it was called Morse or 

 Sea Oxen. Sagard, 1636, says it was called by the Spaniards luaniti, 

 but by others Hippotdinc, but he thought it VElcphant dc Mer, while 

 the sailors called it beste à la grande dent. 



Chevallier. — Name used by Denys for a sea-shore bird which his context 

 implies is a kind of Snipe. It is used also by La Hontan. Professor 

 Dionne tells me the name is still used in Canada for the Yellow-legs, 

 two species of which are prominent and conspicuous snipe of this 

 region, and this identifies the use by Denys. The Vltcralirr Hnlifaire, 

 however, according to the same authority, is the solitary sandpiper. 

 The name does not occur for a bird in French dictionaries, and it 

 was probably evolved in Acadia. 



Cheureux, or Chevreuil. — French name for the European Roebuck, a small 

 species of deer having no representative in America. Consequently, 

 when Champlain, in 1609, used the word for deer seen on the Richelieu 

 and on the St. Lawrence, he could only have applied it to immature 

 individuals of the Virginia Deer. This identification is made certain 

 by the fact that the Acadian French call this Virginia Deer Chevreuil 

 to this day, {fide A. C. Smith), as do the Canadian French, according 

 to Mr. Thompson Seton. The word was been erroneously translated 

 " kids " by Bourne. 



Chicamin, or Chiqu-:bi. — Name u^ed by Denys for a plant v/hich his descrip- 

 tion shows to be the Ground Nut, or Indian Potato. The word is the 

 Micmac name for the plant, which is given by Rand (Dictionary, 125) 

 as Segubun; the sounds of b and m are often indistinguishable in 

 Micmac. The name persists for this plant to this day among the 

 Acadians of Madawaska in the form Chicawben (fide M. Prudent Ij. 

 Mercure). Apparently it persists also among the Canadian French as 

 CJdben or Chibequi (fide Clapin, Dictionnaire), though it is applied, ac- 

 cording to Clapin, to the Topinambour (viz., the Jerusalem Artichoke), 

 an identification which needs confirmation. The plant was described 

 by Champlain in 1603 but without name, but it is this, no doubt, which 

 he pictures on his map of 1612 under the name pisque pcnay. Father 

 Biard describes it in his Relation of 1612-14 as Chiquebi root, and it is 

 mentioned also by others. Scientifically it is Apios tubcro-sa. 



Chien de Mer. — French descriptive name for the Dogfish, which occurs both 

 in Europe and America. It is figured, doubtless for the first time for 

 America, on Champlain's map of 1612, is mentioned by Lescarbot and 

 by others both as chien de nier and as chien. Parkhurst mentions the 

 Dogfish in Newfoundland in 1578. 



Ciguenaux. — Name of a shellfish mentioned by Lescarbot as occurring in 

 New England, which is obviously the Siguenoc of Champlain. 



Cockles. — Soe Coque. 



Cod. — See Molue and Apege. 



Conniffle. — French name for the Scallop, extended to cover the common 

 Acadian species. Used first by Denys, who connects them, and cor- 

 rectly, with the shells brought by pilgrims from St. Michael and St. 

 Jacques. 



