[ganong] identity OF ANIMALS AND PLANTS 217 



and Slafter translate it; but Dieréville described the Fouquet as having 

 the bill hooked like the Parrot, which perfectly describes the Fulmar 

 but does not apply at all to the Tern. Lescarbot speaks as if the Fou- 

 quet and Hape-foye were different birds, but all evidence points to 

 their identity. It is, of course, this bird which Captain Whitbourne 

 says was called Oxen and Kine in Newfoundland. 



Fitches. — IMentioned by Captain Whitbourne in Newfoundland; were, of 

 course. Vetches. 



Flétan, or Flaitan. — French name for the Halibut of Europe, extended to that 

 of America. Used first by Champlain in 1604, then by Lescarbot, and 

 by others later. The English name Halibut is of German origin, not 

 American Indian, as has been claimed. 



Foi ne. — Name used by Denys for Beechnuts, and still used by the Acadians 

 (fide A. C. Smith). They were no doubt so called because of their re- 

 semblance to the foiw, viz., the mass of spines on the under side, of the 

 Artichoke, of France. It is, of course, the same word as the modern 



Fougères. — French name for Ferns, used by Lescarbot for the common species 

 of Acadia, of which there are several. This is no doubt the earliest 

 mention of Canadian ferns. 



Fouine, or Fouine, or Fouinne, or Foine. — French name for the Beech Martin 

 of Europe, applied by Denys to an animal which his description seems 

 to show is the Common Weasel. Champlain mentions a Fouine, which 

 Otis translates wrongly, as I think, as Mink, since to Denys, at least, 

 the Mink was Pitois. According to Mr. Thompson Seton the Canadian 

 French now apply the name Fouine to the Marten (or Common Sable), 

 Champlain also gives foiiuics in his list of 1632, in the generic sense, I 

 believe, of weasels. The Acadians call the weasel belcttc. 



Fraise, Fraize, or Frasse. — French name for the European Strawberry, ex- 

 tended to the American species. Used first by Cartier, in 1534, as 

 frasses, also frasscz and frassicrs, and by all others thereafter. 



Framboise. — French name for European Raspberry, extended to the American 

 species. Used first by Cartier in 1534, as franboysscs, and thereafter by 

 all others. Denys speaks also of the framboisiers, or Raspberry bushes. 



Frêne, or Fresne. — French name for the European Ash, extended to our 

 American species. Used first by Cartier in 1534 as fraiiincs, and by all 

 writers thereafter. 



Fruits comme des pommelets, colorez de rouge. — Mentioned by Lescarbot as 

 growing in meadows, and making a good marmalade, were clearly the 

 Marsh Cranberry. 



Fruits (petits) de peu de substance, gros comme groseilles, qui viennent rempant 

 sur la terre, mentioned by Champlain as occurring in Acadia in June, 

 and aiding to subsist a member of his expedition while lost. Lescarbot 

 describes them as petitz fruits semblables à des cerises sans noyau (non 

 toutefois si délicats). Slafter is probably correct in identifying these 

 as the Partridge-berry. 



