GANONG] IDENTITY OF ANIMALS AND PLANTS 219 



dence that the word evolved in this region. The flight of the Razor- 

 bill is described as rapid and sustained by a constant short flapping 

 of the wings. Lescarbot mentions it, as does Bishop Plessis in his 

 Journal of 1811 (published in Le Foyer Canadien, 1865, 91), who calls 

 them Godes and saw them at Isle Percée. The name is still used by the 

 Acadians (fide A. C. Smith), and is still applied to this Bird by the 

 Canadian French in the form iiodd (fide C. E. Dionne). Sagard, 1636, 

 has (Jodels. See Addenda. 



Goillan, or Goislan. — French name of a European Gull, transferred to the 

 American Herring Gull. Used first by Champlain in 1604, and by 

 others later. Denys' description accords with this identification, which 

 is made certain by the fact that the Acadians call this Gull by this 

 name to this day (fide A. C. Smith). 



Goujon. — French name for the Gudgeon of Europe, which does not occur in 

 America, but which has a near relative in our common Horned Pout, 

 to which, indeed, the name Goujon is applied in parts of the United 

 States. It was to this fish that Denys applied the name, without doubt. 



Grande-oreille, or Oreille-grande. — French name of the Horse Mackerel, 

 Tunny or Albicore. Mentioned by Champlain, in 1611, as caught at 

 sea. 



Great Auk. — The literary name for the bird called by the early French 

 Apponat, or Tanyueu, and by the English Penguin. A valuable account 

 of the former distribution of this bird, now extinct, is given by Lucas 

 in the Report of the Smithsonian Institution, 1891, 638.- 



Grive. — French name applied to a thrush, generically, and probably so used 

 by Le Clercq. Since he distinguished the Merle (Robin) separately, 

 he probably applied the name to the Wilson's and Hermit Thrushes, 

 those called Êlauvis by earlier writers. Champlain (1632) uses the same 

 name, but places it a#nong those of water-birds. 



Groiselle, Groizelle, or Groiselle. — French name for the Currant, applied also 

 to the American species. Used by Cartier, in 1534, as grouaiseliers 

 lilaits ct rouges, no doubt the Gooseberry and the Red Currant. Cham- 

 plain in 1603, distinguished three kinds, red, green and blue, which are 

 probably the common wild red currant, the gooseberry, and the Black 

 Currant, all of which occur in this region. Champlain pictures the 

 groiselle rouge on his map of 1612. Lescarbot speaks of a kind called 

 Gliedres, which must be High-bush Cranberries. Denys distinguishes 

 five kinds, green and red, the same as those of Champlain, velvety, which 

 is no doubt the fetid currant, thus well described, while the white and 

 the blue are not so plain, unless he means Baneberry and Clintonia re- 

 spectively, or species of ]'ihiirnum or Vonnis having fruits of those 

 colors. 



Grue, or Grue. — French name for the Crane of Europe, which has no rep- 

 resentatives in Eastern Canada, the name being there applied Loth 

 by French and English to the somewhat similar Great Blue Heron. 

 Thus the Grues seen by Cartier on the Saint Lawrence in 1535 were 

 without doubt Herons. Champlain, however, speaks of both Grues 

 and Herons, and as the Great Blue Heron of Europe was no doubt 



