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ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



1845, who obtained .0001593; by Marchand, in 1845, who found 

 .0001050, and by Pliicker and Geissler, in 1852, who found .0001585. 

 These numbers represent the cubical expansion of ice near to the freez- 

 ing point. 



Pettersson, in 1883, found that ordinary distilled water ice had a 

 linear expansion of .000053 between — 12° and — 2°C. He claimed to 

 have found that ice begins to contract at some point between • — 35° 

 and — 25 °C. With ice made from the purest water the coefficient be- 

 tween —17° and — 10°C. was .000055, which increased to .000057 be- 

 tween — 4° and — 3° and then decreased until it changed sign at a point 

 just near the freezing point. 



Andrews, in 1885, found that the coefficient of expansion increases 

 rapidly towards the freezing point and becomes quite small at low tem- 

 peratures. He obtained as his highest value .0002203 and lowest 

 .0001064, giving a mean of .0001633. 



Zakrzevski, in 1892, found the value for the cubical coefiBcient as 

 low as .000077. 



Nichols, in 1899, determined the expansion and found the value 

 .0001620, while Vincent, in 1902, found .000152. We may safely as- 

 sume that the coefiBcient is not far from .000160. 



TABLE VII. 

 Coefficient of Cubical Expansion. 



