38 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



In Nova Scotia and New Brunswick the divisions corresponding to 

 those above enumerated may be stated as follows : — 



1. The upper member of the Carboniferous series, comprising 

 largely beds of soft, red sandstone and shale with some grey sandstone in 

 the lower part. These are seen in the sections along the north shore of 

 Nova Scotia, on portions of the east coast of New Brunswick, and the 

 whole of the province of Prince Edward island. These rocks, formerly 

 regarded as largely of Triassic age, are now known to be older, and they 

 apparently represent the Upper Carboniferous or possibly a part of the 

 Permian. Thin coals are rarely seen but none of workable size have 

 been yet observed. 



3. The Productive coal measures, extensively developed in Nova 

 Scotia, but not yet definitely recognized in New Brunswick, carrying 

 numerous and thick beds of bituminous coal which have been mined at 

 a number of points in the former province for more than a century. 



3. The Millstone-grit, found in botli Nova Scotia and New Bnms- 

 wick, with thin seams of coal, sometimes of good quality, which have been 

 worked in the latter province for many years. The sandstones are gener- 

 ally grey or dark purplish-red, extensively quanied for building stone. 

 Grey gritty conglomerates with white quartz pebbles often occur at the 

 base of the formation. This part of the formation is extensively de- 

 veloped in New Bnmswick, where it is directly overlaid by the Upper 

 Carboniferous formation, the Productive measures, as remarked, being 

 apparently absent in this province. 



4. The Lower Carboniferous formation, comprising shale, sand- 

 stone and conglomerate, frequently reddish coloured, with a great de- 

 velopment of marine limestone and gypsum near the base in both pro- 

 vinces as also in parts of Newfoundland. No workable coals yet recog- 

 nized. These lower beds of limestone and gypsum in eastern Canada 

 are now usually regarded as forming the base of the Carboniferous 

 system. 



5. The oil-shale series, which may now be included in the Perry 

 formation, comprising a great thickness of shales, marls, grits and sand- 

 stone, and at the base a large development of red, grey, and green con- 

 glomerate, the pebbles in large part derived from pre- Cambrian rocks 

 upon which they often rest. This division includes the bituminous or 

 oil-shales of New Brunswick, known as the Albert shales, and their equi- 

 valents the black carbonaceous shales of Nova Scotia known as the Horton 

 series, both of which apparently correspond in general character and in 

 position with the oil shales of Scotland. The Perry group has been de- 

 termined to be of upper Devonian age. 



On the whole, therefore, omitting certain minor points, the general 



