-46 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



the waters of the Gulf of St. Lawrence ; and the Province of New Bruns- 

 wick lies directly west of the latter, while on the south it is separated 

 from Nova Scotia, or peninsular Acadia, by the somewhat deeper trough 

 •of the Bay of Fundy. On the north the Basin may be regarded as 

 bounded by the elevated ridges of the Gaspé peninsula, which, just north 

 of the Quebec boundary, constitute the eastern extension of the great 

 Appalachian mountain-systemi terminating in Cape Gaspé, while west- 

 ward it is bounded, less markedly, by the high lands, also a part of the 

 Appalachian system, found in the northern and western parts of Maine 

 and New Hampshire. From the same system several more or less con- 

 tinuous and divergent spurs traverse the Province in an easterly or north- 

 easterly direction, but these do not reach the Gulf, towards which the 

 intervening valleys widen and unite, and on the Gulf shore present a 

 coast line which, in contrast with that of the Bay of Fundy, is every- 

 where low. 



Considered broadly, the ridges referred to, together with the inter- 

 vening depressions, form a series of approximately parallel surface fea- 

 tures which are represented on the accompanying sketch map, and may 

 be summarized as follows, the succession being from north to south. 



(1) The Great Northern Divide or Height of Land, separating New 



Brunswick from Quebec, and extending eastward into the 

 Gaspé peninsula. 



(2) The Bay des Chaleurs and Valley of the lower Restigouche. 



(3) The great Northern Plateau. General elevation 800-1000 ft. 



(4) The Northern Highlands, including the region about the head 



waters of the Tobique, Nepisiquit, Miramichi, etc., and em- 

 bracing the highest lands of the Province. Maximum elevation 

 about 2,700 feet. 



(5) The York or Central Plateau. Maximum elevation 1,000 feet. 



(6) The Great Central Basin, embracing the larger part of the coun- 



ties of York, Sunbury, Queens, Kent and Northumberland. 

 Marginal areas reach an elevation of 600 feet or more, while 

 the central portions are often not far above sea level. 



(7) The Nerepis Hills. Maximum elevation (Bald Mountain) 1,200 ft. 



(8) The Long Reach and Belleisle Valley— the western half below 



tide level. 



(9) The Kingston Hills. Average elevation, 200-300 feet. Maximum, 



500 feet. 

 .(10) The Kennebecasis valley. The bottom of the depression in places 

 200 feet below tide. 



(11) The Southern Hills. Maximum elevation, about 1,400 feet 



(12) The Bay of Fundy. 



