48 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



north side of the great northern divide in the Pro^dnce of Quebec, while 

 others, as in the case of the Allegash and Fish Eivers in the county of 

 Aroostook, Maine, flow northerly, but the main stream turning south as 

 it enters the Province traverses no less than four great systems of eleva- 

 tion to finally discharge in the Bay of Fundy. The St. Croix, the Maga- 

 guadavic and other streams in the southern part of the Province, as well 

 as the more important tributaries of the Miramichi in jSTorthumberland 

 county, similarly rise to the north of elevated tracts across whose course 

 they now flow transversely. On the other hand, in the southern parts of 

 the Province, certain sections of the St. John river and several of its 

 tributaries, such as the Salmon Kiver and Grand Lake, the ^Yashademoak 

 lake and river, the Belleisle and Long Reach, and the Kennebecasis, as 

 well as the upper Mispeck and Loch Lomond, occupy parallel troughs 

 which are evidently tectonic, producing a well marked illustration of 

 trellised drainage. The Petitcodiac river, rising from the same valley 

 as the Kennebecasis, but flowing in the opposite direction, follows the 

 valley for a considerable distance, parallel to the elevated tract which 

 bounds the valley on the southern side, but finally doubles around the 

 eastern end of this to enter the Bay of Fundy at its head. It is evident 

 that many streams which are now only tributaries of the larger rivers 

 were at one time independent, that the course of streams and rivers has 

 been the subject of considerable alteration, and that there have been 

 many instances of capture or piracy. The character of these changes, 

 some of which will be again referred to in the sequel, have been made 

 the subject of careful study by our colleague. Prof. W. F. Ganong, the 

 results being published in the Bulletins of the Xew Brunswick Natural 

 History Society. 



Tn general it may be said that few regions of similar extent are so 

 well watered as New Brunswick, and hence, in connection with the com- 

 plex geological structure of the latter, the effects of erosion are of the 

 most marked character and exhibit great diversity. 



Summary of Geological Features. 



The formations represented in New Brunswick include all the pro- 

 minent members of the geological scale from the Pre-Cambrian to the 

 Trias-Jura inclusive, together with those of the Pleistocene and Recent 

 periods. These may be briefly noticed as found in the several physical 

 divisions given on a preceding page. 



(1) The Great Northern Divide. — This ridge, so far as found in 

 New Brunswick, is Avholly composed of Silurian strata, similar in char- 

 acter and attitude to those of Div. 3 as described below. Farther north. 



