[bailey] present configuration OF NEW BRUNSWICK 49 



in the Province of Quebec, they rest uncomformably upon strata of 

 Cambrian age. 



(2) The indentation of the Baie Chaleurs is occupied by strata 

 referable to three systems, Silurian, Devonian and Lower Carboniferous, 

 together witln areas of intrusive rocks, and has a somewhat complicated 

 structure. The Silurian and Intrusive rocks rise into somewhat pro- 

 minent hills and determine some striking scenery. The Devonian and 

 Lower Carboniferous strata, on the other hand, are less widely spread, 

 of low elevation, and for the most part confined to the immediate neigh- 

 bourhood of the coast. The disposition of the beds is such as to indicate 

 tliat the depression around which they are spread was an early feature in 

 the physiography of this part of the Province. The numerous fishes 

 found fossil in the strata on both sides of the Bay, especially at Camp- 

 belton and Scaumenac, and described by Dr. Whiteaves in the Proceed- 

 ings of this Society, are of fresh water or estuarine types, and indicate 

 that even in the Devonian age the features of the region were not unlike 

 what they now are. 



(3) The Northern Plateau. — ^This occupies all the northern coun- 

 ties of the Province, and is everywhere made up of Silurian strata, asso- 

 ciated at some points with rocks of an intrusive character. The Silurian 

 beds are largely slates, which are very calcareous or at times true lime- 

 stones, and show everywhere evidence of profound disturbance. The 

 tract which they occupy is abundantly and deeply dissected by valleys, 

 of which the sides are steep and often craggy, and, in connection with 

 their height, suggest to the traveller by rail or canoe the idea of a moun- 

 tainous district; but the hills are of comparatively uniform height, and 

 as viewed from the higher eminences to the south (Bald Mt.) evidently 

 are only separated parts of what was once a general plateau or pene- 

 plain. Though exhibiting on every side evidences of crustal movements, 

 these would seem to have been confined to the general and close crum- 

 pling of the beds, rather than to the formation of well-marked anticlines 

 or synclines. At least the positions of the latter are not indicated by 

 any well-marked surface features, and their existence has been in 

 only a few instances geologically recognized. The highest and most pro- 

 minent ridges, such as the Squaw's Cap and the Sugar Loaf, are com- 

 posed of semi-volcanic material, but still are hills of circumdenudation. 



(4) The Northern Highlands. — These embrace an extensive area 

 within which arise such important rivers as the Upsalquitch, Nepisiquit, 

 Tobique and Miramichi. Very large areas within the district are com- 

 posed of granite, which is probably intrusive, and with this are other 

 considerable areas of felsite, some of which are probably of similar origin. 



Sec. IV.. 1909. 4. 



