B2 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



The strata of the groups referred to are very nearly horizontal, the sur- 

 face thus corresponding with the underlying structure, but between the 

 Lower Carboniferous and overlying formation are evidences of slight 

 unconformity and of extensive erosion prior to the deposition of the 

 upper series. The nearly horizontal beds are extensively jointed and 

 near where the Carboniferous rocks rest upon the slates of the previous 

 division (No. 5) there are evidences in places of extensive faulting. 



(7) The Nerepis Hills. — These form a very conspicuous belt of 

 high and in places almost mountainous land, extending from the western 

 boundary, north of Passamaquoddy Bay, eastward to and beyond the St. 

 John river. The axis of the range is granitic, and is flanked on either 

 side by strata containing Silurian fossils, which near the granite show 

 certain evidences of the intrusive origin of the latter. The disturbances 

 determining this intrusion probably occurred about the middle of the 

 Devonian age, but affected the rocks of the region very unequally, some 

 of these showing highly inclined attitudes, while others are nearly 

 horizontal. 



(8) The Long Reach and Belleisle Valley. — This remarkable de- 

 pression containing for nearly twenty miles a lake-like expansion of the 

 St. John river, is occupied in part by Silurian strata, but partly also by 

 beds of Cambrian age. These latter are comparatively soft and easily 

 eroded, and the depression is doubtless in part due to that fact, but there 

 is also reason to believe that it marks the line of a great fault running 

 parallel to its course and thus determining one of the more marked 

 elements in the system of trellised drainage already referred to. 



(9) The Kingston Hills. — These constitute the peninsula of King- 

 ston, separating the Long Eeach and Belleisle valley from that of the 

 Kennebecasis. Its strata consist mainly of felsite and diorites, with 

 some slates, and are believed to be of Pre-Cambrian age. Their attitude 

 is nearly or quite vertical, and, as indicated by the almost exact paral- 

 lelism of the sides of the peninsula, it is probable that these, in both 

 instances, mark the course of profound faults. The characteristic strata 

 of the peninsula are, to the east of Norton, mostly concealed by overlying 

 sediments of the Devonian and Carboniferous systems, though the influ- 

 ence of the subjacent beds is still clearly indicated in the topography. 



(10) Kennebecasis Valley. — This remarkable depression, the 

 largest and deepest of the parallel troughs which mark the drainage 

 system of the lower St. Jolin, is in its western portion largely submerged, 

 forming a lake-like expansion of the last named stream, about twenty 

 miles in length and in places as much as 200 feet in depth, but eastward 

 of Hampton it is much shallower, and traversed only by a comparatively 

 small stream. Detached areas of Palaeozoic strata found in the western 



