[bailey] present configuration OF NEW BRUNSWICK 53 



portion indicate that the depression was once largely if not wholly occu- 

 pied by Cambrian rocks of a soft character and easily eroded, but to the 

 eastward these are covered and concealed by Devonian and Carboniferous 

 strata. The latter, in the vicinity of Sussex and other points, include 

 hard and coarse conglomerates, and constitute, as in Mts, Pisgah and 

 Piccadilly, somewhat marked topographical features. 



(11) The Southern Hills. — Under this general name may be in- 

 cluded the several belts of rock which, under a variety of names, such as 

 the Portland Eidge, the Loch Lomond Hills, Bloomsbury Mt., the Quaco 

 Hills and Shepody Mt., lie between the relatively low valley of the Ken- 

 nebecasis and the north shore of the Bay of Fundy. The great bulk of 

 the strata here met with are of undoubted Pre-Cambrian age, but in- 

 cluded among their folds or reposing unconformably upon them, are beds 

 referable to several horizons, such as the Cambrian, the Devonian and 

 the Carboniferous. There are also areas of intrusive granite and syenite. 

 The Pre-Cambrian strata consist of two main divisions, of which the 

 older, embracing gneisses, quartzites, slates and limestones, has been 

 compared with the Laurentian system, while the second, made up largely 

 of igneous éjecta but also including some clastic deposits, has been com- 

 pared with the Huronian. The exact line of separation between these 

 groups, together with the true geological horizon of the Kingston rocks, 

 has been the subject of much discussion, but there can be no qu)estion 

 that in them are included the oldest sediments to be found in New 

 Brunswick, 



(13) The Bay of Fundy. — This is especially referred to here, first, 

 because it constitutes still another of those great parallel troughs which 

 are such marked features in the physical geography of southern New 

 Brunswick, and, secondly, because along its shores and in the island of 

 Grand Manan, which belongs territorially to New Brunswick, we have 

 some very clear indications of the character of the agencies by which its 

 present features have been determined. Thus at various points the 

 northern shore of the Bay shows more or less considerable areas of upper 

 Devonian (?) and Carboniferous rocks, which, in contrast with those of 

 similar age in the interior, are often remarkable for their high dips and 

 numerous dislocations indicative of profound movements, while at 

 others are remains of Triassic strata, while finally in Grand Manan 

 is a remarkable display of the same volcanic accumulations as those 

 which constitute, on the southern side of the Bay, the well-known trap- 

 pean ridges of the South Mts. As ridges parallel to the latter are known 

 to traverse the bed of the Bay, off Digby Gut, and at Isle Haute, it is 

 not improbable that the volcanic ejections of Grand Manan may be an 

 extension of one of these ridges, though a considerable portion of the 



