[bailey] present configuration OF NEW BRUNSWICK 68 



Nerepis, may be of much later origin, and some, as shown by Matthew, 

 may even belong to Post-Glacial times, yet some probably are very old 

 and must from a very, early period have helped to determine important 

 physiographic results. The form of the Kingston peninsula, with its 

 deep parallel troughs on either side, is one instance of this character; 

 and, as pointed out by Matthew, the valley in the rear of the city of St. 

 John, extending from the head of the harbour through the valley of the 

 Marsh Creek to the head of Courtney Bay, may be another. The present 

 surface features of these old rocks are to be well seen in Eockland Park 

 in St, John, and in the hills to the eastward. 



Excepting along the southern coast, as above described, no rocks of 

 Pre-Cambrian age have as yet been shown, upon reliable evidence, to 

 exist in any part of the Province. 



Cambrian. — The rocks of this system are for the most part com- 

 paratively soft and easily eroded. They are usually found therefore 

 corresponding to depressions, such as the Long Reach, the Kennebecasis 

 valley, the valleys of the Marsh Creek and Loch Lomond, but in places 

 they include more resisting beds, giving them, as in the case of the city 

 of St. John, local prominence. The latter is probably also connected 

 with the fact that the beds are here thrown into a compressed synclinal 

 which has also been overturned against the former Pre-Cambrian ridges 

 which border them on the north. This overturn, however, was probably 

 of much later (Devonian) origin. 



Silurian. — This would seem to have been a time of great distur- 

 bances, which have left clear evidence of their effects upon the present 

 surface features of the region. 



It has already been stated that over the large areas occupied by 

 Silurian rocks in the great northern plateau, while the rocks are every- 

 where folded, the folds are as a rule small and crowdedly arranged, in- 

 dicating irregular crumpling rather than the formation of well-marked 

 anticlines and synclines of considerable magnitude. The writer's study 

 of the regions would lead him to believe that at least two such basins do 

 exist, separated by the exposures about the Seigas River, but they would 

 seem to have had but little influence in moulding modern surface forms. 

 Volcanic effusions have been more important, determining in several 

 parts of the Province scenic effects of a marked character. This is the 

 case around the shores of the Bay of Chaleurs; it is the same aroundl 

 Passamaquoddy Bay, where the Chamcook hills are due to this cause; 

 and if the writer's views of the age of the rhyolites of the northern High- 

 lands at the head of the 'Tobique and JSTepisiquit are correct, some of the 

 loftiest elevations and grandest scenery to be found in the Province, re- 



