[bailey] present configuration OF NEW BRUNSWICK S9 



sides the extensive sub-aerial denudation which would naturally result 

 from the fact that the area now occupied by the Provinces was both more 

 extended and at a higher elevation than now, it is hardl}^ possible that 

 there should not have been some important movements of deformation, 

 and the fact that there were, according to this theory, two quite distinct 

 and successive periods of peneplanation, one completed in the Cretaceous 

 and one in the Tertiary, is in itself, if true, an indication of that fact. 

 This view has been accepted by Prof. Ganong, who is disposed to regard 

 portions of the Southern Higliland, such as the plateau overlooking the 

 head of the Bay of Fundy in eastern St. John and Albert county, as well 

 as portions of the Nerepis range in Kings county, as being facets of the 

 earlier or Cretaceous peneplain, as certain elevated tracts about the head 

 waters of the Tobique and Miramichi rivers also do in the Northern 

 Highlands, while the Tertiary peneplain is represented by the great 

 Central Carboniferous basin and the northern plateau of Silurian rocks, 

 the difference in the present level in these several cases being the result 

 of warpings of the surface. Many interesting details are given by Prof. 

 Ganong as seeming to confirm this theory.^ 



Quaternary. — The movements in the Quaternary period in Acadia 

 would seem to have been coincident with and similar in character to 

 those which are believed to have affected the continent elsewhere at this 

 time, viz: a large upward movement in the Glacial period, one of sub- 

 sidence in the Champlain period and another of moderate elevation in 

 the Terrace period. The first influenced existing topography by intro- 

 ducing glacial conditions upon an extended scale, with all of their con- 

 sequences in the way of modifying the surface, the formation or widen- 

 ing and deepening of river valleys, the damming of lakes and rivers, 

 the strewing of boulders, etc.; the second in the increased volume but 

 diminished flow of rivers, with the consequent partial or complete filling 

 up of these latter with alluvial deposits, together with th^ partial sub- 

 mergence of the coast, with the invasion of the sea, forming coastal plains 

 and fiords; and the third in tho cutting away of these deposits to form 

 terraces and elevated beaches. These several effects can, however, best 

 be considered in subsequent sections. 



II. Erosion and Sedimentation. — Of epigene agencies these are by 

 far the most general and important. This is not the place in which to 

 consider them in detail, even as applied to our present subject, but a few 

 of the more important facts and results may be briefly reviewed. They 

 naturally fall into two divisions, viz : those connected with the form and 



1 Notes on the Natural History and Physiography of New Brunswick. 

 Bulletin of Nat. Hist. Soc. of New Brunswick, No. XX, 1901. 



