[BAILEY] PRESENT CONFIGURATION OF NEW BRUNSWICK 63 



Grand Falls and at the Meductic, while similar relafions are exhibited 

 about Hampstead in Queens county and in the Narrows near St. John; 

 while, a few miles above Fredericton where the stream enters upon the 

 central Carboniferous plain of horizontal and comparatively soft rocks, 

 it expands suddenly to several times its former breadth, develops numer- 

 ous channels witli intervening alluvial islands while the bordering hills 

 are low and often bordered by extensive bottom-lands. 



Of the minor effects determined by river and land erosion the Pro- 

 vince affords many interesting illustrations. Waterfalls are common 

 and, as at the Grand Falls of the St. John, the Aroostook Falls, the 

 Pabineau falls and others, are due to the existence of relatively hard 

 rocks temporarily barring the flow of the waters, though some of the 

 cataracts and many rapids are the result of glacial accumulations to be 

 presently noticed. Wells or pot holes are well exhibited in Silurian cal- 

 careous slates at the Grand Falls of the St. John, in granites at the 

 Pabineau falls of the Nepisiquit, where also the pavement structure and 

 castellated features due to jointing are well shown, and in Upper De- 

 vonian conglomerates at the Gordon Falls of the Pollet river in Albert 



county. 



The forms of hills overlooking the valleys also deserve some notice 

 in this connection. Granite hiïls, as in the Nerepis and in the great 

 northern belt, usually exhibit rounded outlines though often showing also 

 precipitous bluffs; conglomerates, especially those of the Upper Devonian 

 system, often stand out boldly as in the Minister's Face, opposite Rothe- 

 say, in the hills which border the Dutch Valley in Kings county or those 

 which form conspicuous bluffs about the head-waters of the Beccaguimic 

 river in Carleton county. Eocks of intrusive origin sometimes form 

 prominent but well-rounded hills, like Chamcook Mountain, in Charrotte 

 county; in others pyramidal cones, as in Mount Tencriffe and other hills 

 on the Upper Nepisiquit; while in still other cases, as in Curries Moun- 

 tain and McLeod's Hill, near Fredericton, we have good illustrations of 

 the Scotch " Crag and Tail," as is also to some extent the case with 

 Grand Manan. Caves, the result of underground erosion and solution, 

 are of infrequent occurrence, the most considerable being found in 

 connection with the Pre-Cambrian and Lower Carboniferous limestones 

 of the southern counties. 



The evidences of early denudation and disintegration are not with- 

 out interest in this connection. Perhaps the most important of these 

 evidences is to be found in the extensive areas of granite which, of deep 

 seated origin, could only have become exposed as the result of the exten- 

 sive removal of overlying sediments. It is shown again by the occur- 

 rence of outlying masses of sediments, detached from the larger areas of 



