[bailey] present configuration OF NEW BRUNSWICK 65 



modifying the course of rivers by both excavation and obliteration, the 

 distribution of the drift has greatly influenced the general surface of the 

 country over extensive tracts. Just south of each of the great crystalline 

 belts of the northern and southern Highlands the country is so thickly 

 strewn with boulders that little else is seen, the vicinity of MacAdam 

 being an especially striking illustration of the character of the topo- 

 graphy thus determined. These boulders are often in trains, and re- 

 present both terminal and lateral moraines, and where they cross the 

 course of rivers, as in some parts of the upper St. John, are the cause of 

 the existence of more or less formidable rapids. Accumulations of glacial 

 'drift have also been frequently the cause of the formation of lakes and 

 of the islands contained in the latter. The Schoodic lakes of the St. 

 Croix system, Oromocto Lake, Utopia Lake, Lake George, Heron Lake 

 and many others are all illustrations of drift-dammed lakes, while the 

 numerous islands of Cheputneticook Lake, as well as the long peninsulas 

 which diversify its margin, are either single boulders or groups of the 

 latter. Still other effects of glacial action are to be seen in the frequent 

 occurrence of osars or eskers, some of which, like that of the Eel river 

 lakes and another at the head of the Mispec valley, are of a very re- 

 markable character. 



In the opinion of the writer, based upon observations over all parts 

 of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, the effects here ascribed to ice 

 action were those resulting from the action of land ice, the latter being 

 a part of the great Laurentian glacier of eastern America. This would 

 seem to have operated more powerfully in the western than in the eastern 

 portions of the Province, but in both it played a significant part in the 

 determination of the existing surface features. 



The author is aware that in the foregoing pages there is little which 

 is absolutely new. The statements made may, however, help to bring 

 together and to correlate facts which might seem to be independent and 

 to suggest useful lines for further enquiry. 



Sec. IV., 1909. 5. 



