72 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



nearly like those of a terrane (Mispec) which overlies the Little River 

 group unconformably, than they are like the plants of the latter; the 

 author therefore thinks that the geological age of these Little Eiver plant 

 beds has been misunderstood, and that they are really older than has 

 been supposed. Too much dependence has been placed on the facies of 

 the flora, and not suffi(irient consideration given to the geological struc- 

 ture. 



Master-faults of the older Paleozoic. 



'Phe district with which we have specially to deal in our quest for 

 evidence of the age of the Little Eiver terrane is traversed by several 

 important faults, some of high antiquity, which have had a controlling 

 influence on the geology of the region even in Pre-Cambrian time, and 

 continued to do so until the close of Devonian time. Two of these, one 

 on each side of the Kingston peninsula, enclose a great mass of volcanic 

 rocks which in Pre-Cambrian times was let down on the north side of 

 the Laurentian limestones and schists, another runs along the south side 

 of the Laurentian ridge and bounds the Cambro-Ordovician basin of 

 St. John. It is the northern border of an area of depression in which the 

 Cambro-Ordovician rocks were deposited, and it was again such in the 

 time when the Little River group was deposited, as it contains the largest 

 mass of the rocks of this age. 



The above three faults with a cross fault running northwest from 

 St. John have determined important movements of elevation and de- 

 pression in this district in the early Palseozoic and even in Devonian 

 time. Attention is directed to these faults because elevation of the area 

 between them has cut off the Little River sediments from the Silurian 

 strata to the north of them, and the connecting strata which may have 

 once spread over this area (or portions of it) has been removed, and 

 there are now no connecting deposits between the two areas of sedimenta- 

 tion, one showing the land and freshwater phase of the terrane, the other 

 the littoral marine deposits. 



Another reason for mentioning these faults is that they did not in- 

 fluence in the same way the Upper Devonian strata which as may be seen 

 by the map spread across the middle fault of the three, and in the Ken- 

 nebecasis valley to the south of this fault have their greatest mass. 



Relations of infraposition. 



In previous paragraphs the writer has described the relation of the 

 Little River terrane to underlying rocks, its relations to those that over- 

 lie it are quite as significant of its antiquity. 



Sir William Dawson described many years ago the plant remains of 

 a conglomerate and sandstone formation at Perry in the eastern border 



