36 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



River, Lake Témiscouata, and the River St. Francis were undoubtedly 

 very important links in the route of communication between the 

 Indian tribes of Canada and those of Acadia. Early French explorers 

 and adventurers soon became familiar with the route. 



In Champlain's map of 1612 we find crude indications of Lake 

 Témiscouata, but the contour of the lake and the course of the River 

 Madawaska are better displayed in the map of Laet in 1629. The 

 name "Madoueska" does not appear until the Franquelin map of 

 1686. Meanwhile the word had found a place in the grant of the 

 Seigniory of Madoueska in 1683 to Antoine and Marguerite Aubert, 

 children of the Sieur de Chesnaye of Quebec. The present boundary 

 between New Brunswick and Quebec follows the southern boundary 

 of this ancient seigniory. 



The Franquelin map, just mentioned, was designed to illustrate 

 the tour of the Intendant Mon. de Meulles in Acadia in 1686. The 

 map shows clearly the portage to rivière du Loup and shows Lake 

 Témiscouata. Monseigneur de Saint-ValHer, the second bishop of 

 Quebec, made a tour in Acadia in 1686, the incidents of which are 

 related in his book published two years later in Paris, under the title. 

 Estât présent de l'Eglise et de la Coloîiie Françoise dans la Nouvelle 

 France. 



Church and State were thus represented in the persons of de 

 Meulles and Saint-Vallier, the first Quebec tourists in Acadia. This 

 was not a matter of accident but of design, as we shall see. Mgr. de 

 St. Vallier, finding that the River St. Francis (which enters the St. 

 John 35 miles above the Madawaska) has its source in a lake only 

 12 miles from the St. Lawrence, decided to travel by this route. 

 He describes in entertaining fashion his trip down this very lively 

 stream, which now forms a part of the international boundary. The 

 St. Francis may be described as a series of beautiful lakes and ponds 

 linked together by very lively waterways. One of the lakes has a 

 depth of 150 feet. Another of nearly equal depth bears the name 

 Woolastookpectaagomic — a nice little word of twenty-one letters not 

 yet recognized by the Geographical Board of Canada. The two lakes 

 just mentioned are exceeded in depth by Lake Témiscouata (250 ft.), 

 which is the deepest of the St. John river system. Mgr. St. Vallier 

 tells us in his narrative, under date May 16, 1686: "On the second 

 day of our navigation down the river Saint- Jean, we for the first time 

 came across a cabin of Christian Indians, of Sillery, who in their 

 hunting had encamped at the mouth of a river which they call Mada- 

 ouesca and which we named Saint-François de Sales. It is impossible 

 to tell how overjoyed these poor Christians were to see us, and how 



