[hill-tout] PHYLOGENY OF MAN 55 



Lord Avebury, in the recent edition of his "Pre-historic Times," 

 informs us that the latest researches confirm the earlier in this respect. 

 Long-barrows produce long-headed skulls and round-barrows round- 

 headed skulls. Thus, for example, in sixty-seven skulls taken at 

 random from long-barrows, fifty-five were of the dolichocephalic 

 type, ranging between sixty-three and seventy-three in their indices. 

 Twelve were mesocephalic, ranging between seventy-four and seventy- 

 nine, and not one reached eighty. This variation is not greater than 

 that commonly found in any race. A race is judged by its mean 

 types — not by its extreme types. From the round-barrows seventy 

 skulls were taken. Of these not one was below seventy-three. 

 Twenty-six were between seventy-four and seventy-nine, and forty- 

 four between eighty and eighty-nine. 



From these facts Ripley seems justified in regarding these round- 

 headed people, with their bronze implements implying a superior 

 culture, as hailing from the east. It is obvious they could not have 

 come from the west, so we naturally look to the east as their original 

 home. We are confirmed in this view, moreover, by the fact that the 

 general type of head of the millions of Asiatic peoples conforms to 

 the Alpine type. Who they were and from what center of the east 

 they came we have yet to learn. All w^e positively know is that 

 today their descendents constitute about one half of the population 

 of every state in Central Europe and that the manner of their settlement 

 has been rather remarkable. They are always found in the mountainous 

 districts —never or rarely in the low-lying, fertile plains. Hence 

 their name of "Alpine" race. It would seem from this fact that 

 after their first successful effort to effect a settlement in Europe they 

 had gradually been forced by their predecessors into the less fertile 

 regions of the country and had been obliged to content themselves 

 with the possession of the hilly and mountainous districts. 



However this may be, we find that the cephalic indices of the 

 modern races of Europe follow the rise and fall of the land so regularly 

 as to give to the fact the force of an ethnic law: High-land- — short- 

 heads; Low-land — long-heads. 



Regarding the people of modern Europe as a whole we find that 

 the only homology they share in common today is the character and 

 texture of their hair. This singular fact seems to have a very im- 

 portant bearing upon their origin and ethnic relations. 



The human hair, like the human skull-form, is found to assume 

 two distinct types or characters. One is represented by the crisp, 

 curly hair of the negro and the other by the straight, wirey hair of 

 the Asiatic peoples and the Amerinds. Each is radically different 



