[hill-tout] PHYLOGENY OF MAN 57 



Grenelle, Brijnn-Predmost and Cro-Magnon. The first three are 

 those of Ripley and other students. The last three are his own 

 creation. Following Schliz he regards the Furfooz-Grenelle broad- 

 head types as distinct from the Neolithic Alpine race. But the evi- 

 dence does not seem to me to compel one to this view. It is by no 

 means certain that the Furfooz-Grenelle skulls date back to Palaeo- 

 lithic times. At any rate, the antiquity of the man of Grenelle is 

 extremely doubtful and he may very well represent a Neolithic man 

 of the Alpine stock from which he difïers in no essential particulars. 

 Osborn himself admits this. And if we admit the Furfooz skeletons 

 , as belonging to the late Palaeolithic they do not extend at most, 

 as is evident from the faunal remains found with them, greatly 

 beyond the transitional Tardenoisian epoch and there is consequently 

 no difficulty in regarding them as part of that advanced wave of the 

 Neolithic Alpine race which we seem to see making its way into 

 Western Europe in late Palaeolithic times by way of the Danube, 

 and which may have become modified in its cranial characters by 

 intermixture with the long-headed Crômagniards before it reached 

 Belgium. The lesser brachycephaly of the Furfooz skulls would 

 seem to suggest this. The same argument applies to his second 

 long-headed race — the Brunn-Predmost men. They do not differ 

 in any marked manner from the long-headed Mediterranean people; 

 and it seems better, in the present state of our knowledge, to follow 

 Keith and regard them, and also his sixth race, the Cro-Magnon 

 people, as locally-modified types of this stock. Advance waves of 

 the Asiatic round-headed peoples and later waves of the Mediterranean 

 race, may very well have taken place in late Palaeolithic times. 

 It was the beginning of that great race movement which reached its 

 full strength in Neolithic times, culminating in the settlement of 

 western Europe with the ancestors of the races we find there today. 



We have evidence that America was peopled in just this way. 

 The northwest tribes plainly show their later arrival on this con- 

 tinent by a closer likeness to the modern Mongolian races of East- 

 ern Asia than is seen in the tribes to the east and south of them, 

 these latter representing earlier migratory waves of the same stock. 



It does not seem to me that we gain anything by a multiplication 

 of races at the dawn of the Neolithic period. Three great races make 

 up the people of Europe to-day and we can trace these back to Neolithic 

 times or even perhaps to late Pathaeolithic times. Two of these 

 loom upon the European horizon then for the first time. One we 

 know is a brachycephalic people of Asiatic origin. The other is 

 the dolichocephalic Teutonic or Baltic race, whose place of origin 



