[hill-tout] PHYLOGENY OF MAN 59 



per cent. These arm proportions hold good of the Cro-Magnon 

 people generally. Sergi's claim of an African ©rigin for the Medit- 

 erranean race of which the Crô-Magnons form a part, is thus not 

 wholly without warrant; and Ripley's claim that the Berbers of 

 today represent this ancient palaeolithic race of Europe most closely 

 also receives support from the same evidence. We can thus pro- 

 visionally derive this dark, dolichocephalic Cro-Magnon race from 

 Africa, and account for the negroid affinities we discover in the hair 

 of the modern European races in this way. 



Thus, while we have no direct knowledge of ancient man in 

 Asia or Africa, if we except the strange, pithecoid creature found in 

 Java, we have discovered inferentially and, by the way, that these 

 regions of the earth were probably the source of the ancient men whose 

 skeletal remains have been found in Europe, at any rate, from Aurig- 

 nacian times onward. What relation the Cro-Magnon race bore 

 to the Mousterian Neanderthalers, if any, or to the pre-Mousterian 

 High-terrace type of man, we have now to seek to determine. 



From late Mousterian times to the Tardanoisian epoch Cro- 

 Magnon man is the prevailing type in western Europe. The Aurig- 

 nacian culture is characteristic of him. He appears to us quite 

 suddenly upon the Palaeloithic horizon toward the close of the pre- 

 ceding Mousterian epoch^ — the period of Neanderthal man. We 

 have seen that he possessed negroid characters, in some instances 

 quite marked, and may, as Sergi thinks, have had an African origin. 



However this may be, physically and mentally, he stands out 

 in marked contrast to his predecessors, the short, low-browed Nean- 

 derthalers as a glance at Figure I shows us. Keith calls the Cro- 

 Magnon race the finest race the world has ever seen. They were of 

 lofty stature, ranging in the men from five feet ten and a half inches 

 to six feet, four and a half inches, with broad well-developed bodies. 

 The best specimens of the Zulu race or of the South Sea Islanders 

 approach most closely to them in these characters of modern races. 

 The writer has seen just such men as the typical Crô-Magnons must 

 have been among the Samoans and Tongans of today. Some writers 

 liken them to the Sikhs of India, who also are a very fine type of men 

 of a uniformly lofty stature. Their cranial capacity also was extra- 

 ordinary. Broca estimated that of the "Old Man of Cro-Magnon" 

 at 1590 cub c centimeters and Verneau found that five large male 

 skulls from the Grimaldi grottos had an average capacity of 1800 

 cubic centimeters, the lowest being 1715 cubic centimeters and the 

 highest 1880 cubic centimeters, a truly astonishing brain even when 

 allowance is made for their great stature. Even the women of this 



