[ganong] INDIAN PLACE-NOMENCLATURE. 267 



very clearly the use of the same root SÔK meaning CLIFF, as is contained in CANSO. 

 Compare also Rand's Legends of the Micmacs, 250. Father Pacifique gives, 

 independently, the same word, in the form GTATOSAG.j with a meaning partially 

 different, viz., ENTRANCE THROUGH ROCKS ("l'entrée rocheuse," in Une 

 Tribu Privilégiée, 1910, 2). The resemblance of this word to Tadoussac suggests at 

 once that the two are identical and that the Micmac name of the Saguenay, 

 'KTÂDOOSÔK, is the original form of our TADOUSSAC, the word SAGUENAY 

 being the Montagnais name of the same river. The word appears first with 

 certainty in Champlain's Des Sauvages of 1603 as TADOUSAC, while Lescarbot in 

 1609 has TADOUSSAC, both applying the name to the Port at the mouth of the 

 Saguenay. Other interpretations of the word have, however, been given, as noted 

 by L'Abbé Laverdière in his Oeuvres de Champlain, 68; and the word must have 

 further study. 



Other names which may perhaps involve this root SÔK, meaning CLIFF, are 

 WESOKPAGEL, the aboriginal name for Newcastle Creek which empties into the 

 head of Grand Lake in south-central New Brunswick, and which has extensive 

 cliffs upon it; and WÔSOKSEGËK', the Micmac name for Debert River, and for 

 Martins Point, in Nova Scotia, according to Rand {First Reading Book, 87, 94). 

 Furthermore, there is a relation between this root SÔK, and another, which appears 

 as SOK, SAK, SAAK, and SÂÂK, with the meaning ROCK, in a number of place 

 names (e.g., ABOOTOOSOK, NELIKSAK, ANESAK, BOOKSÂÂK, and others 

 given in Rand's works); and these I hope later to discuss in full. It is to be noted, 

 however, that some of these words, especially those ending in SAAK, may involve 

 a quite different root meaning OUTLET, later to be considered. 



Sevogle. 



Location and Application. — The name of a river of northeast central New 

 Brunswick, flowing eastward into the Northwest Miramichi; also extended to a post- 

 office near its mouth; also applied to a smaller river next to the southward, in the 

 form Little Sevogle. The name is pronounced locally SË-VÔ'-GUL, the E as in SET, 

 the O as in GO and accented, and the U as in GULL. The river, which is wholly 

 unsettled from source to mouth, is fully described and mapped, with a preliminary 

 note on the origin of its name, in the Bulletin of the Natural History Society of New 

 Brunswick, No. XXV, 1906, 537; also 533. 



History of the Name. — The somewhat remote position of the river is cor- 

 related naturally with a rather late appearance of the name; and the very earliest 

 use thereof that I have been able to find is in one of the Land Memorials of 1805, 

 preserved in the Government Offices at Fredericton, where it occurs in the form 

 SOUGLE, while in another of the same series, only four years later, in 1809, it ap- 

 pears with its present spelling of SEVOGLE. The earliest map, of any kind, upon 

 which I have been able to find it, is Bonnor's fine map of the Province of 1820, where 

 it is printed SEWOGLE. Five years later, on Lockwood's map of New Brunswick, 

 it is given as SEVOGLE, the present spelling, though there is a return to SEWOGLE 

 on Baillie's map of New Brunswick, of 1832. All later maps, however, doubtless 

 following Lockwood, have SEVOGLE, which has thus become fixed in our time as 

 the undisputed standard. It is, by the way, a bit unfortunate, in the light of its 

 local pronunciation, that the word had not been first written SEVOGUL, which would 

 have expressed somewhat better both the local pronunciation and the etymological 

 origin, as will be made clear below. This indeed is the spelling used by Rand, who 



