[ganong] INDIAN PLACE-NOMENCLATURE. 269 



And this view is in perfect agreement with that of Reverend Father Pacifique, of the 

 Micmac mission at Restigouche, by far our most learned living authority upon the 

 Micmac language, who wrote me some years ago that the word Sevogle means 

 CLIFFS, as I have recorded in the Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, XII, 

 1906, ii, 48. In that place, it is true, I expressed doubt as to the correctness of 

 Father Pacifique's view, but further study since that time has convinced me of its 

 correctness. Furthermore, in the same place, I expressed doubt as to the sufficiency 

 of the cliffs as a basis for the name, outside of the Square Forks, but further study 

 has modified that conclusion to the one here expressed. 



It will be noticed that the word as given above lacks a locative termination such 

 as Indian names almost invariably have. Yet the Indians use it with such a termi- 

 nation, as shown by the form SA-WO'-GILK (the G hard of course), given me for the 

 word by the late Michael Flinne, the Indian teacher at Eelground. No doubt the 

 final locative K was always present in the aboriginal form of the word, making it 

 SÊ-WÔ-GUL-OOK', though the Indians now frequently drop the termination under 

 the influence of association with the whites, who use the shorter form of the word. 



The name Little Sevogle, as applied to the smaller stream of that name, is evi- 

 dently a white man's usage, since the Indians have a quite different name for that 

 stream, as Rand has stated (First Reading Book, 91), and as I have myself confirmed 

 from the Indians themselves. Further, my suggestion, in the Transactions above 

 cited, that the name Sevogle might have belonged originally to the Little Sevogle, is 

 evidently groundless in light of the considerations above given. The Micmacs, 

 however, do have a "Little Sevogle," in their tongue SWOGLESIS or SWOGLE- 

 CHEECH; but I have been told by them that it applies to the North Branch of the 

 Sevogle, not to the Little Sevogle. 



Other Explanations of the Name. — Of these I know but one, and that was 

 given me by Mr. Flinne above mentioned, who said that the word meant SOUR; 

 this was explained by a story of an early incident wherein the fish were driven away 

 by a poisonous substance which spoiled or soured the water. Evidently Mr. Flinne's 

 informant connected the word with the Micmac SAOOKW, meaning SOUR (Rand, 

 English- Micmac Dictionary, 245) which SË-WÔK'-UL somewhat resembles. But 

 aside from this resemblance there is absolutely no ground for connecting the two 

 words, and the interpretation cannot be considered to have any status in compari- 

 son with that founded on the positive evidence above given. 



Summary. The name SEVOGLE seems without doubt a corruption of the 

 Micmac Indian SEWÔKUL, or in full SEWÔKUL-OOK, meaning literally CLIFFS- 

 PLACE, or more generally, THE RIVER OF MANY CLIFFS, in description of 

 the numerous prominent gorge cliffs, culminating in the Square Forks, distinctive of 

 this river. 



Petitcodiac. 



Location and Application. — The name of the most important River of 

 southeastern New Brunswick, extended also to a Village, and a Railroad Station on 

 its bank. It is pronounced, in educated circles, like PETTY-CODY-ACK, with all 

 of the vowels short, and the last syllable strongly accented; but this pronunciation 

 varies among country people and sailors to PETTY-COAT-JACK'. Thus the 

 second T of the usual spelling PETITCODIAC is wholly silent. 



History of the Name. — It makes its earliest known appearance in 1686 as 

 PETCOUCOYEK, on the invaluable great Franquelin-de Meulles Map (these 

 Transactions, III, 1897, ii, 364), a form which, in view of the easy interchangeability 

 of K or C with T in these Indian words, might almost be read as PETCOUTOYEK. 



