[g among] INDIAN PLACE-NOMENCLATURE. 281 



from the neighbouring Magundy Ridge, where it shows as a very shoal marshy lake 

 of the typical mud type. The name appears as POGUAGOMUS and POQUAG- 

 OMUS on the maps and in the records of the original careful survey of the Magagu- 

 adavic in 1797 {Collections of the New Brunswick Historical Society, III, 1909, 191, 

 194), and is still known to the older Indians living on the Saint John. 



C. The reputed aboriginal Indian name, as POCOWOGAMIS, now obsolete, 

 for a small lake on Dennis Stream, a small branch of the Saint Croix from the north 

 below Saint Stephen, in southwestern New Brunswick {these Transactions, II, 1896, 



II, 230). 



D. The aboriginal Indian name, now spelled POCKWOCKAMUS, of "a lake 

 or deadwater" on the Penobscot River, above Pemadumcook Lake, in Maine; ex- 

 tended also to a prominent fall on the same river (Hubbard, Woods and Lakes of 

 Maine, 209, and his map). The name is also applied by the guides, as I am told by 

 one of them, Mr. Guy C. Haines, of Norcross, to the chain of small ponds which 

 include River Pond and Compass Pond of Hubbard's map; and as these are typical 

 shallow mud-bottomed ponds of the POKWAGAMOOS type, I have no doubt that 

 the name belonged originally to them, and has been extended by the whites to the 

 neighbouring deadwater and fall on the Penobscot. I find it first as POCK-WOCK- 

 AMUS (the evident original of the present form), applied to the Falls, in Jackson's 

 Second A nnual Report on the Geology of the Public Lands, 1838, 14, though undoubtedly 

 it occurs much earlier. On page 53 of the same work it is PAUQUAKAMUS. 



E. The aboriginal Indian name, given on Wilkinson's map as POGOWOGOMIS, 

 but according to Hubbard {op. cit. 209, and his map), now replaced by Mud Pond, 

 for a pond south of Chamberlain Lake, Maine, in the line of the important portage 

 route between Penobscot and Allegash waters. The several descriptions which 

 have been given by sportsmen and surveyors in various publications show that it 

 possesses the same distinctive features as the other lakes of the same name. The 

 form PONGUM GAMOOK for this lake attributed to the surveyor Odell in 1820 

 (the earliest use of the word I have been able to find) in the Appendix to the De- 

 finitive Statement . . . .of the case referred . . . .to His Majesty the King of the Netherlands, 

 Washington 1829, 416-417, is obviously a misprint for POUGUM GAMOOK, since 

 the fine Report of Messrs. Deane and Kavanagh on the Madawaska territory, which 

 I have examined in the original Ms in the State House at Augusta, and which has 

 recently been published in the Collections of the New Brunswick Historical Society, 



III, 1914, 390, has very clearly POUGUANGAMOOK (not PONGUANGAMOOK, 

 as printed.) The N in this word is of course the usually almost silent nasal, here 

 expressed, though generally missed. This Report calls it also MUDDY POND, 

 showing the transition to the present name. 



The substantial identity in form of these five names despite minor variations 

 in spelling, taken in conjunction with the similarity in the characteristics of the 

 respective places, makes it certain that they are aboriginally the same word. Al- 

 though they include all that I have been able to find of the actual recorded uses of 

 the name, I have no doubt that it was applied to innumerable small lakes of this 

 character, precisely the kind now commonly called "Mud Lakes" by the guides and 

 lumbermen, throughout Maliseet and Penobscot territory. 



For aid in the interpretation of the word we turn naturally to the living Indians, 

 of whom the Maliseets on the Saint John give its aboriginal form and meaning with- 



